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Erosion and Landforms
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Erosion and Landforms Key Question: What is erosion and what are the types of erosion? Initial Thoughts:
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Evidence Glue the student notes handout into your journal.
Take notes from the PowerPoint Presentation.
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Evidence What is Erosion?
The process by which weathered rock and soil particles are moved from place to place. What is Deposition? The process by which weathered sediments are laid down in a new location creating new landforms.
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5 Agents of Erosion There are five agents of erosion. Gravity Glaciers
Wind Surface Water / Running Water Ocean Shoreline / Ocean Waves
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Gravity Pulls rock and soil down a slope Called Mass Movement Rapid
Rockslides Mudflow Avalanche
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Gravity Slow Slump Creep
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Glaciers Carry very large to very small debris Most powerful agent
What do they deposit? Form piles called moraines Drumlins – little mounds Glacial lakes Kettle lakes U-shaped valleys
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Moraines
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Drumlins Glacial lakes
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Kettle Lakes U-shaped valleys
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Glaciers
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Wind Removes loose material from the earth’s surface.
Amount of material carried depends on wind speed Most active in deserts, plowed fields, beaches What does wind deposit? Loess- layer of fine silt or sand Dunes- mounds of sand
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Loess
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Dunes
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Running Water MAJOR CAUSE OF EROSION
When water moves it carries particle called the load. Speed of water determines the size of the load Creates canyons and valleys What do rivers create/deposit? Deltas Oxbow lakes Flood plains
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River Deltas
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Oxbow Lakes
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Flood Plains
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Waves Constantly erode and shape the shoreline.
What formations do waves create? Sea cliffs Sea stacks and caves
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Sea Stacks
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Sea Stacks & Cliffs
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Cape Flattery, Olympic Peninsula
Sea Caves
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Waves What do waves deposit? Beaches Spits Sand bars Barrier Islands
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Barrier Islands
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Spits & Sandbars
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Coral Islands Lava from an underwater volcano builds up an island. Living organisms begin living around the shores of the island (polyps). Volcano becomes inactive, sinks, coral dies, an island forms. The formation is a hard rock-like material formed by the skeleton of marine polyps and sand (takes millions of years!)
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Coral Islands Usually forms a ring and partially or totally encloses a shallow body of water, or lagoon Most are found in the Pacific Ocean
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Limestone Deposits Form underwater from the shells of dead animals
Takes millions of years!
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Limestone Deposits
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Oil/Coal Deposits Plant matter accumulates at the bottom of a body of water (must be protected by from decomposition and oxygen exposure—usually gets covered by mud or an acidic water layer). Over millions of years, it forms into a hardened brownish black sedimentary rock.
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Oil/Coal Deposits Coal is a fossil fuel and is the largest source of energy and the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions Coal is extracted from the ground by mining, either underground or in open pits.
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Oil/Coal Deposits Oil is generally formed from marine deposits and coal is generally formed from land vegetation.
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Sources
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Analysis List the causes of erosion.
Compare some major differences between the types of erosion.
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Summary What did you think about erosion before this lesson?
What did you learn about erosion from this lesson? (Minimum of 3 sentences!!!) What are some further thoughts or questions you have about erosion?
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Reflection What is the difference between erosion and weathering?
What types of landforms are created by erosion?
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Big Idea
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