1. Chemical Structures Glycine Glutamate GABA

2. Neurotransmitters ExcitatoryInhibitory Process that controls Depolarization of cell membrane Hyperpolarization of cell membrane Functions Stimulate the brain Calm the brain and help create balance ExamplesGlutamateGlycine/ GABA *Acetylcholine has both excitatory and inhibitory properties

3. Neurotransmitters Receptors IonotropicMetabotropic Types of receptors Ligand-gated ion channels G protein- coupled receptors Response takes place Directly Through biochemical cascades Second messenger chemicals NoYes Reaction rateFastSlow *Almost all neurotransmitters have both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

4. How do Neurotransmitters Receptors actually WORKS?

5. Ionotropic Synapses ExcitatoryInhibitory Functioning Ions Positive Ions (Calcium) Negative Ions (Chloride) Examples of Related Neurotransmitters GlutamateGlycine/GABA Postsynaptic Potential EPSP

6. Diseases due to lack of certain neurotransmitters GABA Anxiety disorders, Epilepsy Glutamate Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( Lou Gehrig’s disease ) Glycine Hereditary hyperekplexia

7. GABA is one of the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitters What is GABA ? Gamma - AminoButyric Acid (GABA) Additional Information on

8. Differences between GABA and sleeping pills

9. GABA gives birth to mortality?! Cortex V1 GABA/ Muscimol Neurons Regenerated Monkeys become Active