1. Abdomen
Latin for “belly”

2. Abdomen
Anatomy
Injuries
Evaluation

3. Anatomy of the abdomen
Muscles
Internal organs

4. Muscles of the abdomen
Rectus abdominus-attaches the hip to the ribs and sternum.
Obliques-attaches the hip to the lateral aspect of the ribs.

6. Quadrants of the abdomen
Upper right and left
Lower right and left
Directions are in relation to the victim.

7. Upper right
Kidney
Liver
Gallbladder

8. Upper left
Stomach
Kidney
Pancreas
Spleen

9. Lower right
Appendix

10. Lower left
Large intestine
Small intestine

11. Ailments to the abdomen
Appendicitis
Hernia
Spleen
Kidney
Strains

12. Appendicitis
The appendix is located at the end of the large intestine, and has no real known function.
The inflammation of the appendix occurs from either an infection or a blockage. Pain tends to be located in the right lower quadrant, and localizes directly above the position of the appendix at a point called "McBurney's point."

13. Appendicitis
Signs and symptoms
Pain
Nauseau
Vomitting
Constipation

14. Hernia
Occurs when an abdominal organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weakened area of the abdominal wall which results in a protrusion.
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain with movement
Protrusion through abdominal wall

16. Spleen
The spleen is located just below the ribs on the left hand side. The spleen filters out infection and other unwanted particles from the blood.

17. Spleen What are the symptoms of spleen injuries?
pain in the left side of the abdomen
pain in left shoulder
Kehr’s sign
lightheaded feeling
paleness
weak pulse

18. Kidneys
Part of the urinary system, the kidneys filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine.

19. Kidneys Injuries to kidneys will usually result from a direct blow.
Signs and symptoms:
Pain in the back and sides
Hematuria: blood in the urine

20. Strains
Result from sharp twisting and turning, or overstretching.

21. Strains

22. Strains

23. Strains

24. Strains

25. History
Time of onset (48 hrs)
Location of pain

26. Observation
Asymmetry
Distension
Scars
Deformity

27. Palpation
Tenderness
Rigidity
Deformity