1. INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT 21 - 23 OCTOBER 2002 PARTHENON NORTEL HOTEL, SP

2. ISSUES FACING URBAN AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT 1. MORE IMMEDIATE APPLICATIONS Flexible fuel vehicles (gasoline/ethanol) Natural gas engines Diesel / water emulsions (up to 20%) Ethanol as additive to gasoline (6%, 10%, 22%, 26%) Intelligent integrated systems for management of urban mass transportation

3. 2. INTERMEDIATE RANGE APPLICATIONS Hybrid buses (ethanol microturbines) Noise reduction through use of VDS (vibration damping steels) Ethanol engines for motorcycles ISSUES FACING URBAN AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

4. 3. MORE CHALLENGING Enzymatic or acid hydrolisys for biomass bagasses and residues (sugar cane, elephant grass, cassava) Fuel cell (ethanol reform cell) Hybrid cars, electric cars ISSUES FACING URBAN AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT