1. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved More! Better! Faster! Advanced Techniques for Searching the Scientific Journal Literature Rita Vine, Gerstein Science Information Centre Gail Nichol, Engineering and Computer Science Library

2. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved What We’ll Cover major vendors & interfaces importance of a “beyond-keyword” approach thesaurus searching field searching new developments in citation searching

3. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved What We’ll Cover going beyond one-box searching: building a search step by step “Packages” of searchable full-text journals setting up current awareness services where and how to get help

4. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved 3 Major Providers/Interfaces OVID –Medline, EMBASE, Cinahl CSA/Cambridge Scientific –PsycInfo, many scientific/engineering databases WebSpirs/SilverPlatter –General Science Abstracts –International Pharmaceutical Abstracts –SportDiscus

5. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved OVID

6. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved WebSPIRS

7. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved CSA

8. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Keywords – Just one of many search options! searches titles, abstracts, subjects NOT full text problems –typos –false drops –you pick the wrong keywords program evaluation benchmarking, TQM, outcome assessment…you pick program evaluation, they use benchmarking, TQM, outcome assessment…

9. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Thesaurus Searching uses a built-in list of subject terms –terms are assigned no matter what keywords the author uses –enables consistency examples –Medline/Pubmed - MeSH –PsycInfo – Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms bonus! built into the database!

10. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved How Can I Find the Thesaurus? OVID databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL) –Software forces searcher to select terms

11. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved PubMed MeSH Thesaurus automatically matched click on Details to see what happened

12. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Other (CSA, WebSPIRS) must investigate! database may NOT have a thesaurus

13. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Example Webspirs DB – General Science Abstracts THESAURUS Tab

14. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Example – CSA DB - PsycInfo Thesaurus Search

15. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Example – CSA DB - PsycInfo

16. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Check the thesaurus term & the Explode button Exploded term EXERCISE will capture these narrower terms

17. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved TIP: ALWAYS EXPLODE Explosions of thesaurus terms retrieve additional relevant results

18. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Searching “Packages” of Full Text Journals some journal collections are searchable full text. examples: JSTOR (Journal STORage), ScienceDirect (from Elsevier), SpringerLink, BioMed Central (Open Access), ACM Digital Library. future: IEEE Xplore, ScholarsPortal. plus – able to search within the text of an article. minus – more results that only mention the subject.

19. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved JSTOR access from e-Indexes. full-text is the default. can choose author, title, abstract. NOTE : only 10% of articles in JSTOR have an abstract. no stemming or truncation capability. a small collection of journals but go back to volume 1.

20. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Searches the full-text of the article unless you narrow the search to specific fields (e.g. title, abstract).

21. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved JSTOR - Note what journals are included in this database. E.g. only 8 journals in botany but coverage of American Journal of Botany is 1914-1999 and New Phytologist is 1902-2001 Moving Wall – 4 to 5 years behind current issues.

22. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved ScienceDirect listed as a Provider under e-Journals. over 1800 titles online. collection of science, technology and medicine full text and bibliographic information.

23. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved ScienceDirect - -Option to search full text. -Default date is 1995 but can be set back to 1823. -Ability to search earlier journals online. Compare with Web of Science (1945+) or Medline (1950+)

24. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved SpringerLink – -Access from e-Indexes. -Over 500 journals. -Access from about 1997. -U of T does not currently have access to historical archive (1843- 1996) but abstracts are available online.

25. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved BioMed Central – -Over 100 journals. -New Open Access initiative.

26. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Association for Computing Machinery Publications only.

27. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved ScholarsPortal access from e-Indexes. the Elsevier journals have the same coverage as in Science Direct (e.g. Lancet from 1823+) one to watch! not currently searchable by full text but will be with upgrade of search interface.

28. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved ScholarsPortal – -Over 7 million articles from over 5500 full text journals from several publishers.

29. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved New Developments in Citation Searching Web of Science Scopus Google Scholar (free) SciFinder Scholar

30. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Web of Science CITED REFERENCE SEARCH Back to 1945!

31. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved

33. Web of Science - Tips TIP: Narrow with author initials only if necessary Heitzer –E.g. try Heitzer first Heitzer A* –Then try Heitzer A* Journal titles MUST be entered exactly as indicated in examples TIP: this index covers many topics, few journals in each topic area

34. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Scopus

35. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Citation Searching in Scopus Do a basic search.

36. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved 95 results

37. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved

38. Articles that have cited the selected article

39. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved About Scopus Citations 12,900 titles, 25 million abstracts but…back to 1966, but… ONLY 5 YEARS of “reference-back” years –10 years by 2005 –only journals indexed in Scopus’ main db are cited!

40. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Google Scholar FREE: Find it on the web: scholar.google.com

41. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Title search of article matches on first hit: 40 citations found

42. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved 40 citations revealed on click

43. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Google Scholar citations are only to items in Google Scholar cited article must be contained in the bibliography/reference list of the subsequent article, and that article must be indexed by Google Scholar

44. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved SciFinder Scholar mainly chemical information details see: –http://www.cas.org/SCIFINDER/SCHOLAR/ataglance.html

45. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved SciFinder Scholar – Citation Searching Click on NEW TASK

46. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved SciFinder Scholar – Citation Searching

47. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved

50. Citation Searching Tools Adapted from Sigma Xi International Newsletter, volume 3, number 11/12 November/December 2004, with additions Web of Science ScopusGoogle SciFinder Scholar access commercial service commercial service free servicecommercial service # of titles:~8,70014,000?9000 customized searches? yes not yetno contains content back to: 1945 1999 (abstracts to 1966) ?1999 notable features: contains older material wide coverage, including 100% of Medline content includes books and records from Open WorldCat Project Covers patents in addition to journals

51. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Building A Search Strategy before you begin searching in a database, you will have: 1.defined the focus of your question. 2.identified the key concepts.

52. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Search Strategy 3. now you need to find alternative terms for your key concepts: synonyms or related terms (broader, narrower) plural/singular forms spelling variations acronyms variations of a root word - use the truncation symbol.

53. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Search Strategy Example Concept 1Concept 2Concept 3 groundwaterremediationarsenic ground waterbioremediation aquifers phytoremediation drinking water

54. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Combine related terms with or. Combine different concepts with and.

55. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved This translates into (stroke or (cerebrovascular accident)) and (relearning or learning or rehabilitation) and ((mental imagery) or (mental practice))

56. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Search History most databases keep a search history where you can combine searches. more obvious in OVID and less obvious in others like Web of Science or SCOPUS.

57. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved CSA databases have the search form and a Search History option.

58. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved OVID - Combine search numbers with Boolean operators (and, or)

59. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Web of Science - Need to click on the Search History tab to see your searches.

60. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Check the searches you wish to combine and then choose the Boolean operator (AND, OR)

61. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Combined searches.

62. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved SCOPUS - Scroll down to see search history.

63. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Combine using the # sign and Boolean operators.

64. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Silverplatter / WebSPIRS – Check the searches you want to combine and click the Boolean operator (and, or).

65. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Current Awareness / E-mail Alerts e-mail alerts are messages sent after every database update. sent if the update contains any new records that match your saved query. usually weekly or monthly.

66. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved E-mail Alerts instructions for setting up alerts at: http://www.library.utoronto.ca/myalerts http://www.library.utoronto.ca/myalerts instructions included for ISI Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, Scholars Portal, OVID, PubMed Cubby others are being added as they are written (e.g. CSA databases and Engineering Village 2 for Compendex & INSPEC)

67. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved CSA databases – New interface called Illumina (E.g. PsycINFO).

68. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved SCOPUS - Click on Set Alert and then enter user name and password.

69. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Alert will be sent by email. Can link directly to the records.

70. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved You can also set up an alert that is sent whenever an article is cited by another.

71. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Scroll down to find the Alert me link.

72. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Web of Science has a similar citation alert.

73. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Some publishers provide alerts from a journal article

74. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved NOTE : Only journals published by Elsevier / Science Direct will be found.

75. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Field Searching great alternative to keywords most databases allow field searching –author –institution usually where 1 st author worked at time of publication –publication year –country of publication good for finding Canadian stuff –different fields for every database

76. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved

77. CSA Databases: Use Advanced Search, then dropdown menus

78. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved WebSPIRS Use advanced search, then drop- down menus

79. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved consultations and research help –ask.gerstein@utoronto.ca (Health & Med)ask.gerstein@utoronto.ca –Other libraries contact info at http://link.library.utoronto.ca/library/guide/ http://link.library.utoronto.ca/library/guide/ live online help database help files instruction classes –scheduled http://www.library.utoronto.ca/gerstein/instruction.html –goal-oriented for classes with research assignments Getting Help

80. Copyright © 2005, University of Toronto Libraries. All rights reserved Thank you! Rita Vine Gerstein Science Information Centre rita.vine@utoronto.ca 416.946.4041 Gail Nichol Engineering and Computer Science Library gail.nichol@utoronto.ca 416.946.0389