1. Femtocells Technology
Government Polytechnic, Nashik
Femtocells Technology
Guided By: Mr.M.V.Patil sir
Name : Moharir Saurabh Bhanudas
Roll No:127162
Department : Electronics and Telecommunication
Class: Third Year (First Shift)

2. Contents Introduction : Concept Need for Femtocells Features
Evolution of Femtocells
Overview and types
Architecture
Operation
Benefits and Challenges
Advantages & Disadvantages
Comparison with Wi-Fi
Applications
Future of Femtocells and Industrial activities
Conclusion
References

3. Introduction :Concept
‘Femto’ means 10 to the power of -15.
Femto = 10^-15
Cell means area or region covered by the
base station.
Femtocells are low-power wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections”
A femtocell is, basically, a miniature cell phone tower that anyone can use to boost their wireless signal in their home.
Fig.FAP (Femto access point)

4. Need for Femtocells
Macro cell cannot provide good signal strength for indoor coverage
Higher data rate– Femtocells can enable higher capacity
Reduce the power on the macrocells 2G 3G 4G
As throughput demand and usage increases, cell size decreases

5. Features of Femtocells
Operates in the licensed spectrum
Uses fixed broadband connection for backhaul
Principally intended for home and enterprise
Lower cost of call rates
Smaller coverage
Smaller number of subscribers
Higher density
Connects users with cellular providers via broadband internet links instead of telephony network

6. Evolution of Femtocells:
In 2002, the first femtocell was developed by Motorola at Swindon, England.
In 2004, Ubiquisys and 3 way networks were formed in U.K. to address femtocells.
2007 – Femtoforum was established.
August 2008 – Commercial service was started in US by sprint.
January Softbank Japan announced launch of 3G femtocells.
June Vodafone UK launched their Access Gateway.
February Femtoforum was renamed as Smallcellforum

7. Overview
How it actually looks ?

8. Overview
How it looks from behind ?

9. Fig. Types of Femtocells.
Residential Femtocells
Enterprise Femtocells
Metro Femtocells
Fig. Types of Femtocells.

10. Architecture of Femtocells
What it consists of ?
Fig. Block Diagram of Femtocell (FAP)

11. Architecture of Femtocells
Network architecture of Femtocells :
Femtocell Access Point (FAP)
Security Gateway (SeGW)
Femtocell Device Management System (FMS)

12. Operation: operating modes
Open Access:
All users are allowed to connect to the FAP
Hotspot type scenario: coffee shop or airport
Femtocell becomes another part of the public mobile network
Improves capacity, but increases handovers
Closed Access:
Only authorized users are allowed to connect to a privately accessible Femto-AP
Home or enterprise environments
Emergency calls bypass access restrictions
Hybrid Access:
Nonsubscribers use only a limited amount of the femtocell resources

13. Operation: usage model
Easy plug and play setup by the user
Purchase and Registration
Plug in power and backhaul connectivity
Auto configuration of initial parameters
Uplink, downlink frequency, Cell ID, Location, Routing and service area codes, Initial pilot, maximum transmit power based on target range
Location check
Ongoing self-optimization
How it actually works?

14. Benefits of femtocells:
For Operators:
Low cost solution
Improve reliability
Increases both coverage and capacity
Reduce Macrocell backhaul capacity requirements
Works with all existing handsets no need for expensive subsidizes on dual- mode (3G + Wi-Fi)
Increases 3G adoption
For Consumers:
Reduced cost (Free calls at home!)
No need for expensive new device.
Superior indoor coverage and quality without change in phones.
Simplicity:
One phone
One mode
One number.

15. Challenges against femtocells:
A)Interference:
1) cross-layer : femto-macro interference
Fig.(a)
2) co-layer : femto-femto interference. Fig.(b)
Interference can be avoided by using some exclusive rights offered for licensed spectrum.
B)Emergency calls:
Femtocell supports emergency calls but not during power failure.
Femtocell
Macrocell
Fig.(a)
Femtocell
Femtocell
Fig.(b)
C)Health:
Femtocells are low power devices thus transmits less radiation as compared to other access points.
D) Security:
Femtocells can be made more secure by using IPSec standard.

16. Advantages & Disadvantages:
Standalone or integrated femtocells
Low power but high quality
Secure and self- managing
Doesn't require special phones
Emergency Services Support
Fixed Mobile Convergence
Disadvantages :
Expensive.
Reduction in call quality/ internet browsing if huge files are being downloaded from the internet simultaneously.
Not all cellular operators are on IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which might become the interface for Femtocells.
Troubleshooting may become an issue in case of network failure.

17. WiFi vs. FAP(Femtocell)
Parameter
WiFi
FAP(Femtocell)
Data Range Capabilities
11 and 54 Mbps
7.2 – 14.4 Mbps
Operating Frequency
2.4 and 5 GHz
1.9 – 2.6 GHz
Power Output
100, 200 mW
10, 100 mW
Range
100 – 200 m m
Services Provided
Voice & Data
Fig. General WiFi Femtocell specifications .

18. WiFi vs. FAP(Femtocell)
Plus Point (+)
Minus Point (-)
Wi-Fi
FAP(Femtocell)
1)IT WORKS IN UNLICENCED
SPECTRUM.
1)IT WORKS IN ONLY LICENCED
2)IT CONSUMES MORE POWER.
2)IT CONSUMES LESS POWER.
3)LOW LEVEL OF QUALITY OF
SERVICE.
3)COMPARITIVELY,HIGH LEVEL
OF QUALITY OF SERVICE.
4)CHEAP.
4)EXPENSIVE.
5)COMPARITIVELY LARGER COVERAGE AREA.
5)SMALLER COVERAGE AREA.
6)SUFFERS MORE WITH
OBSTACLES AND DISTANCE.
6)SUFFERS LESS WITH
7)USES SIMPLE PROCESS FOR
ACESSING TO INTERNET.
7)USES COMPLEX PROCESS TO
ACCESS INTERNET.
8)MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DATA
LOSS DURING LARGE FILE
TRANSFER.
8)LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DATA
3-5
RESULT:

19. Applications: Free Calls (or at cheaper rates) at home !
Useful in underground places like tunnels, subways, underground metro railway stations etc.
Receive a SMS to indicate when someone enters or leaves the home.
A virtual number to reach all the people currently in the home.
Automatically downloads multimedia content from mobile home Server and from home Server to mobile
Use the mobile phone to control other devices (TV, AC)
Home Security
Video Door Bell

20. Future of Femtocells: Operators view
By 2012, there will be 36 million shipments with an installed base of 70 million femtocell serving 150 million users.
Time

21. Industrial activities:
Femto Forum (70 members)
Founded in 2007 to promote femtocell deployment
Members include mobile operators, telecom hardware, software vendors, content providers, startups
Industrial partnerships with 3GPP, 3GPP2, GSM Associates.

22. Conclusion:
Femtocell technology is still nascent technology and it is in it’s infancy. Thus, it will take some time to develop femtocells and to make it popular. Femtocells are on a road to nowhere. Unsatisfactory coverage and the increasing number of high-data-rate application are two driving forces for femtocell development. Potential to provide high quality network access. Number of hardware evolutions will probably be needed before form factor, usability and quality of service are adequate.

23. References: Research Papers:
[1] Monty Barlow, Dharmendra Lad, Dr. Tom Wright. “Femtocell Technology: Opportunities for SDR” proceedings of Cambridge Consultant’s Journal, Cambridge, UK, August 2011, PP
[2] Chandrasekhar V, Andrews J, Gatherer A; “Femtocell networks: a survey” proceedings of IEEE Communications Magazine, The University of Texas at Austin, Volume 46, 2008.PP
[3] Seong-Hoon Moon, “Analysis of Femtocell: Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE Communications and Networks Magazine,Yonsei University, June 2011, PP
[4] Ronny Yongho Kim, Jin Sam Kwak, Kamran Etemad,“ WiMAX Femtocell:Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Seoul, Korea, September 2009, PP
Weblinks :
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24. Thank You!

25. Any Queries?