1. Hydrocarbons Part 2 Nat 5 1234 5 6 789101112 1314 1815 19 1617 21202223

2. What type of carbon to carbon bonds are present in the alkanes and the cycloalkanes Single - saturated

3. What type of carbon to carbon bond is present in the alkenes C=C unsaturated

4. Describe the chemical test to distinguish an unsaturated alkene from a saturated alkane/cycloalkane. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes) decolourise bromine

5. ADDITION Name the type of reaction which takes place when an unsaturated alkene reacts with bromine, hydrogen or water

6. Name the product of the reaction between butene and hydrogen BUTANE

7. Name the type of chemical reaction taking place. C 5 H 10 + Br 2 C 5 H 10 Br 2 Addition

8. What is meant by cracking? Breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones.

9. Apart from speeding up the reaction suggest another reason why a catalyst is used in cracking. Lower temperatures are used

10. Name the new homologous series produced by cracking long chain hydrocarbons. Alkenes

11. Name the method of producing ethanol from glucose. Fermentation

12. What is used as a catalyst in fermentation? An enzyme in yeast

13. Why is there a limit to the alcohol concentration produced by fermentation? The alcohol kills the yeast.

14. Name the process used to increase the ethanol concentration in ‘spirit’ drinks. Distillation

15. Name the method of producing industrial ethanol. Hydration of ethene - adding water onto ethene C 2 H 4 + H 2 O C 2 H 5 OH

16. What can ethanol be mixed with to provide a fuel for cars? Petrol

17. Which plant is ethanol obtained from for use as a source of energy? Sugar cane

18. Is ethanol an renewable or non- renewable source of energy? RENEWABLE

19. Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when esters are formed. Condensation

20. Name the two different types of compounds which react together to form a ester. An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

21. Name the type of chemical reaction which is taking place. H C C C C H H O OH H H H H HO C C H H H H H H C C C C H H O O H H H H C C H H H H H + H 2 O CONDENSATION

22. Name the ester produced from methanol and propanoic acid Methyl propanoate Ethanol and methanoic acid ethyl methanoate

23. Name the type of chemical reaction which takes when an ester is broken down into its parent acid and alcohol. HYDROLYSIS

24. Name the alcohol and carboxylic acid produced when ethyl butanoate is hydrolysis. Ethanol and butanoic acid H C C C C H H O O H H H H C C H H H H H