2. -The trade of goods -The expansion of commerce -Evolution of tools for calculations A sumerian clay tablet

3. - 1640s Blaise Pascal: adding machine - 1800s Charles Babbage: problem solving tools The Pascaline (adding machine) - 1822 Babbage and John Herschel - difference engine - analytical engine - Ada Augusta Countess of Lovelace

4. Joseph Marie Jaquard’s loom - 1801 Joseph Marie Jaquard’s loom - punched cards - patterns

5. - USA: 1880  1890 population: 50 millions  63 millions - using employees - more than 10 years - Dr. Herman Hollerith’s machines - six weeks - punched cards Dr. Herman Hollerith’s machines

6. First generationSecond generationThird generation Fourth generation 1959 Jack Kilby Texas Instruments 1956 William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain

7. The first IBM logo - Census success  Hoolerit founded Tabulating Machine Company - 1924 the TMC merged into IBM

8. - Invented in 1944 by Howard G. Aiken - 500 miles of wire - 51 feet long - general purpose The Mark I

9. The Colossus - Built in 1943 - Used to break military codes

10. The ENIAC - Built in 1946 - Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchley - 19,000 vacuum tubes - 70,000 resistors - 5 million soldered joints. - 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications, 38 divisions in a whole second - general purpose

11. - Grace Hopper (U.S. Navy)  MARK I - Adele Goldstein  ENIAC - John V. Atanasoff (Iowa University) - 1939 all-electronic computer - meet Clifford Berry - ~ 1945 John Von Neumann John Von Neumann

12. A part of the EDVAC - EDVAC stands for “Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer” - commercial purpose

13. A UNIVAC terminal - UNIVAC stands for “UNIVersal Automatic Computer” - commercial purpose - 1950s: first generation computers - Used in the 1950’s census - 1952: Used by the General Electric Company - The first softwares