1. Chapter 11: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

2. Defining Personality: Consistency and Distinctiveness _______________________ Dispositions and dimensions ____________________ _____________ Neuroticism Openness to experience _______________ Conscientiousness

3. Psychodynamic Perspectives Freud’s ___________ theory Structure of personality ___ - Pleasure principle ____- Reality principle _________ - Morality Levels of _________ Conscious Unconscious __________

4. Psychodynamic Perspectives Freud’s psychoanalytic theory _______ Sex and _________ Anxiety _____________________

5. Figure 11.2 Freud’s model of personality structure

6. Figure 11.3 Freud’s model of personality dynamics

7. Table 11.1 Defense Mechanisms, with Examples

8. Freud on Development: Psychosexual Stages ________ = physical pleasure ___________ stages ____, Anal, _______, Latency, _______ ________ = Excessive gratification or frustration Overemphasis on psychosexual needs during fixated stage

9. Table 11.2 Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development

10. Other Psychodynamic Theorists __________: Analytical Psychology Personal and collective unconscious ________ _________ : Individual Psychology Striving for superiority _____________

11. Figure 11.4 Jung’s vision of the collective unconscious

12. Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives _____ The _________ The role of internal conflict The importance of early childhood _________ The use of defense mechanisms ____ Poor ________ Inadequate _______ base ____ views

13. Behavioral Perspectives __________ views Conditioning and response tendencies ________ social cognitive theory Observational learning _______ Self-efficacy ____________ views The ________________ controversy

14. Figure 11.5 A behavioral view of personality

15. Figure 11.6 Personality development and operant conditioning

16. Evaluating Behavioral Perspectives _____ Based on rigorous _______ Insights into effects of ________ and environmental factors _____ Over-dependence on ______ research Fragmented view of personality ___________ views

17. Humanistic Perspectives __________ person-centered theory __________ Conditional/unconditional positive ______ Incongruence and anxiety ____________ theory of self-actualization __________ of needs The healthy personality

18. Figure 11.7 Rogers’s view of personality structure

19. Figure 11.8 Rogers’s view of personality development and dynamics

20. Figure 11.9 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

21. Figure 11.10 Maslow’s view of the healthy personality

22. Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives _____ Recognized importance of _______ views Recognized importance of self-concept Laid foundation for _______ psychology _____ Many aspects of theory are difficult to ____ Unrealistic _________ More empirical research needed

23. Biological Perspectives _______ theory Determined by _______ Extraversion-introversion __________________ Twin studies Heritability estimates The _________ approach Traits conducive to reproductive fitness

24. Figure 11.11 Eysenck’s model of personality structure

25. Evaluating Biological Perspectives _____ Convincing ________ for genetic influence ____ Too much reliance on ________ estimates No __________ biological theory

26. A Contemporary Empirical Approach: Terror Management Theory Conflict between ______________ and ability to foresee death ________ and self-esteem

27. Figure 11.13 Overview of terror management theory

28. Contemporary Empirical Approaches: Terror Management Theory Increasing subjects’ ______________ salience causes them to: _______ moral transgressions more harshly Be less tolerant of ________ of their country Give greater rewards to those who uphold cultural standards Respect cultural ______ more

29. Culture and Personality ______________ self _________________ self

30. Figure 11.14 Culture and conceptions of self