2.  Biology is the study of:

3.  Life

4.  All living things___________ to make more living things.

5.  Reproduce

6.  Procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis:

7.  Experiment

8.  Testable explanation for a question or a problem:

9.  Hypothesis

10.  Smallest units that can carry on all life processes:

11.  Cells

12.  Objective lens – 10x  Ocular (eye) lens = 20 x  What is the total maginification?

13.  Total Magnification = 200x (10x20 = 200)

14.  What is a dependent variable?

15.  Results that change due to the independent variable

16.  Reaction A + B -> C  What are A and B?

17.  Reactants

18.  What does this symbol mean?

19.  Chemicals

20.  Which type of muscle makes up the heart?

21.  Cardiac

22.  Which type of muscle is found in organs?

23.  Involuntary

24.  Smooth

25.  What type of energy is the action of pepsin on proteins?

26.  Chemical digestion

27.  Homeostasis means:

28.  Maintaining a stable internal environment

29.  Heart and blood vessels belong to which system?

30.  Cardiovascular system

31.  What do ligaments do?

32.  Bone to bone

33.  What defends against bacteria infections?

34.  White blood cells

35.  Where does digestion start?

36.  Mouth

37.  Sweating is an example of __________.

38.  Homeostasis

39.  Muscle fatigue happens when muscles have _______ oxygen levels.

40.  Low

41.  What does the liver produce?

42.  Bile

44.  Atrium  Carries blood low in oxygen

45.  Which part of the eye sends messages to the brain?

46.  Structure 5 (optic nerve)

47.  Which structure contains the cones and rods?

48.  Structure 6 (retina)

49.  Which structure transmits impulses away from the cell?

50.  Structure 1 (axon)

51.  Which structure of a neuron receives impulses?

52.  Structure 3 (dendrite)

53.  What type of reaction is burning a piece of paper?

54.  Chemical reaction

55.  Give an example of a compound

56.  Water, Salt, Carbon Dioxide  H2O, NaCl, CO2

57.  What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

58.  Neutrons and Protons

59.  What number is represented by a very strong base?

60.  13 or higher

61.  Carbon 12, 13, and 14 are examples of ______________.

62.  Isotopes

63.  Flourine has 9 electrons. How many electrons are in the second energy level?

64.  7 (2 in first shell, 7 in second shell)

65.  Which state of matter has highly packed particles?

66.  Solid

67.  Which bond shares electrons?

68.  Covalent Bond

69.  What results in an atom with the same number of neutrons and protons.

70.  Neutral charge

71.  Give examples of why the body needs proteins.

72.  Builds muscles  Makes enzymes  Helps metabolism  Builds organs  Provides immunity

73.  Which organisms do not have cell walls I their cells?

74.  Animals

75.  Name the three parts of the cell theory.

76.  All cells come from pre-existing cells  Cells are the basic unit of life  All organisms are made of cells

77.  If a cell has a nucleus it is a(n)_____________.

78.  Eukaryotic

79.  Water will move into a cell if a solution is ___________________.

80.  Hypotonic

81.  Water will move out of a cell is a solution is ______________.

82.  Hypertonic

83.  _________________ is particles moving from low to high concentration.

84.  Active Transport

85.  What structure maintains the homeostasis of a cell?

86.  Cell Membrane

87.  Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound ____________.

88.  Organelles

89.  If a cell has no nucleus, but does have a cell wall it is a(n)_____________.

90.  Prokaryotic

91.  Which cell structure regulates what enters and leaves a cell?

92.  Cell membrane

93.  Structures that perform certain functions are known as_____________.

94.  Organelles

95.  What are the hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell?

96.  Cilia

97.  Where are proteins made?

98.  Ribosomes

99.  Which cell structure packages and distributes proteins?

100.  Golgi Apparatus

101.  What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus?

102.  Nuclear Membrane

103.  What are the storage organelles for water and nutrients?

104.  Central Vacuole

105.  Chlorophyll traps _________ from sunlight.

106.  Energy

107.  Animal cells do not have___________.

108.  Cell Walls  Chloroplasts

109.  Animals have __________ vacuoles to store water.

110.  Small

111.  The more active a cell is the more __________ it will have.

112.  Mitochondria (energy makers)

113.  Where is water NOT found in the cell membrane?

114.  Structure 3 (inside the membrane)

115.  Which structure immediately identifies the cell as eukaryotic?

116.  Structure 2 (nucleus)

117.  What is the Kidney-shaped organelle called?

118.  Mitochondria  Produces energy

119.  What is the main passageway in the cell called?

120.  Endoplasmic Reticulum

121. Which phase is when chromosomes line up on the equator?

122.  Metaphase

123.  Mitosis is when a cell’s nucleus ____________.

124.  Divides

125.  Draw all four stages of mitosis.

127.  What are the three parts of interphase?

128.  G1, S, G2

129.  What is exocytosis?

130.  Particles exit the cell

131.  What is endocytosis?

132.  Particles enter the cell

133.  What is the reason for mitosis?

134.  To make new cells for our body

135.  Diffusion ___________use energy.

136.  Does not

137.  Diffusion moves nutrients from ___________ concentration.

138.  High to low

139.  Ink dissolving into water is:

140.  Diffusion

141.  Which phase does the nucleus divide?

142.  Mitosis

143.  Photosynthesis is when ___________ convert light energy to ______________.

144. Chloroplasts  Chemical Energy

145.  What is the equation for photosynthesis?

147.  Proteins are made up of:

148.  Amino Acids

149.  Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between 2 ____________.

150.  Phosphate groups

151.  Which cell will eventually burst?

152.  Cell B

153.  Watson and Crick were the first to discover that DNA:

154.  Is shape of Double Helix

155.  When DNA is copied, it’s called DNA ______________.

156.  Replication

157.  DNA nucleotides are made up of a phosphate group and ______________ and ________________.

158.  Deoxyribose (sugar) and nitrogenous base

159.  Order from smallest to largest:  Chromosome  Cell  Nucleotide  DNA  Nucleus

160.  Nucleotide, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell

161.  Messenger RNA is formed during:

162.  Transcription

163.  AATTAG to AAATAG is a _____________ mutation.

164.  Point Mutation

165.  AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG is a ___________ mutation.

166.  Frameshift Mutation

167.  What is the primary function of the DNA?

168.  Carry genetic information  Code for the production of proteins!

169.  How are DNA and RNA different?

170.  Ribose is sugar in RNA  RNA is single stranded  Uracil is in RNA

171.  What are the 3 types of RNA?

172.  Messenger RNA  Transfer RNA  Ribosomal RNA

173.  Which bases pair with each other?

174.  A pairs with T  G pairs with C

175.  What molecules are found on the sides of the DNA “ladder”?

176.  Nucleotide

177.  What type of mutation is this?  AAGGCCGG to AGGGCCGG

178.  Substitution