1. Visual 8.1 Unit 8 Objectives 1. Terrorism and CERT. 2. Shelter in Place. 3. Final Exercise.

2. Visual 8.2 The FBI is an equal opportunity employer. The FBI seeks diversity and recruits the most qualified from all sectors of our society HOUSTON OFFICE (713) 693-5000

3. Visual 8.3 Terrorism Awareness “People are more violently opposed to fur than leather because it is safer to harass rich women than motorcycle gangs”

4. Visual 8.4 Citizen Corps Citizen Corps areas of preparedness:  Natural disasters  Crime  Terrorism

5. Visual 8.5 CERT Role in Terrorist Incidents  CERT teams should be prepared to assist local authorities in restoring order.  Render emergency assistance to your level of training. DON’T BECOME A CASUALTY  Secure and clear away from the object or area if possible.  Report it to authorities.  When in doubt, do not touch!

6. Visual 8.6 AVOID Unnecessary Risks (Bogota, Colombia) If the package is suspicious- MOVE AWAY!

7. Visual 8.7 Definition of Terrorism The unlawful use of force or violence committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. 28 C.F.R. Section 0.85(L)

8. Visual 8.8 Why Engage in Terrorism?  A terrorist seeks to create fear to force a small group’s will upon a larger group.  The group cannot achieve their goals through legal means.  They attempt to force compliance through FEAR!

9. Visual 8.9 Terrorist Goals  Create disruption and fear in their targets by inflicting:  Mass causalities  Loss of critical resources  Disruption of vital services  The desired end result is Individual and mass panic

10. Visual 8.10 The Domestic Threat

11. Visual 8.11 Bombing of Murrah Federal Building Oklahoma City 1995

12. Visual 8.12 Vail Ski Resort Arson - Vail, Colorado - Earth Liberation Front October 19, 1998 - Killed: 0 - Injured: 0 - Damage $12M

13. Visual 8.13 The Global Terrorism Threat

14. Visual 8.14 World Trade Center - 2001

15. Visual 8.15 Madrid Train Bombings  On March 11, 2003 multiple explosive devices were set off in a coordinated attack targeting the Madrid rail system.  The devices were set to go off during rush hour.  The blast was attributed to a cell of Moroccan terrorists.

16. Visual 8.16 London Subway Bombings On July 07, 2005, 4 bombers set off nearly simultaneous blasts on London Mass Transit system. Though the suicide bombers were all British Citizens, they were acting at the direction of an outside power.

17. Visual 8.17 TARGET: HOUSTON What Makes Houston a Good Target? Lots of Critical Infrastructure!

18. Visual 8.18

19. Visual 8.19 Bombs Threat Spectrum - Likelihood vs. Impact - Potential Impact Likelihood Firearms WMD Sabotage

20. Visual 8.20 Threat Assessment Process Behavioral Resolve Technical Feasibility Operational Practicality

21. Visual 8.21 Terrorist Weapons of Choice  Chemical  Biological  Radiological  Nuclear  EXPLOSIVES!  Also known by Acronym CBRNE

22. Visual 8.22 CBRNE Indicators  Out of place, unattended packages, boxes, or vehicles  Packages that are leaking  Small explosions that disperse liquids, mists, or gases  Unusual odors or tastes, unexplained clouds or mists  Unscheduled spraying  Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma.  Victims who are exhibiting similar symptoms.  Large numbers of victims seeking medical attention.

23. Visual 8.23 Chemical Weapons  Any agent with a toxic effect on the body.  Chemical weapons first used on a large scale in World War I  May specifically designed as a weapon or improvised chemical weapon  Considered a Moderate Risk

24. Visual 8.24 Industrial Chemicals  Availability and potential impact makes them a potential terrorism target.  Remember Bhopal India? 2400 dead due to a leak of methyl isocyanate.

25. Visual 8.25 Example: Chlorine Rail Car Leak  08/14/2002  Crystal City, Missouri  Ruptured Hose  53 Patients Treated

26. Visual 8.26 Naturally Occurring - Ricin  Ricin is derived from the beans of the castor plant.  Castor plant grows naturally through much of the world  Very, very toxic, but not a good mass casualty weapon.

27. Visual 8.27 Man Made Toxin - Sarin  Human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent.  It is part of a class of chemicals called Organophospates. (along with many pesticides)  Sarin is a clear, colorless and tasteless liquid that has no odor.  It is not a GAS, but an AEROSOL (very fine droplets that stay suspended in air)  Can be ingested (food and water) and/or inhaled.

28. Visual 8.28 TOKYO March 20, 1995

29. Visual 8.29 Potential chemical attack indicators  Small explosions that disperse liquids, mists, or gases  Unusual odors or tastes  Unexplained clouds or mists  Unscheduled spraying  Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma.  SECURE area, be aware of the potential for secondary contamination.

30. Visual 8.30 Biological Weapons  Any living organism, or component of same, capable of causing death, disease or biological malfunction.  Bio-Warfare goes back to ancient times.  High threat  There are many organisms that produce illness  Potential for self-propagation  Natural susceptibility to disease

31. Visual 8.31 Biological Weapons  Targets: People, animals, crops  Routes of exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, absorption  May take days or weeks to be confirmed.  May spread far beyond initial contamination point.  Potential for epidemic with very small initial quantity.

32. Visual 8.32 Potential Bio Weapon: Anthrax Anthrax is a bacterium that forms spores which is a cell that Is dormant but may come to life with the right conditions. Anthrax occurs almost everywhere in nature, though not all strains are dangerous to humans. Anthrax is hardy, occurs in three types and has had an extensive history of weaponization.

33. Visual 8.33 Potential Bio Weapon: Smallpox This is a serious, extremely contagious and sometimes (30%) fatal infectious disease. Was declared globally eradicated in 1980. The virus is known to exist only in laboratory stockpiles.

34. Visual 8.34 Radiation Dispersal Devices  A device designed to spread radioactive material over a wide area. IT DOES NOT NEED TO EXPLODE  Its primary destructive power would be panic, not radiation damage.  Radiological materials readily available. Sources are used extensively in hospitals and industry, for a wide variety of purposes.  Considered moderate to high risk

35. Visual 8.35 Nuclear Weapons  Very powerful relative to “conventional” weapons:  Many casualties  Very large area affected  Long-term health effects  Considered relatively low risk  Difficult to obtain and maintain

36. Visual 8.36 Nuclear Weapons continued Effects:  Massive explosion blast (shock wave)  Intense heat  Intense radiation near detonation site  Death from trauma or significant radiation sickness from direct ionizing radiation and from fallout.

37. Visual 8.37 Explosives Incendiary Devices  Used to initiate combustion  Easy to make  Easy to use  Considered high risk/low impact  A favorite of the Animal Rights crowd

38. Visual 8.38 Improvised Explosive Devices  Still the weapon of choice by terrorists  Easy to obtain, disguise and hide  Can be built in all shapes and sizes  Biggest bang for the buck!  THIS IS THE BIGGEST THREAT YOU FACE!

39. Visual 8.39 Sources of explosive material  Industrial explosives like Dynamite, or Blasting Gel  Military explosives like TNT, Semtex, or C4.  Improvised explosives, manufactured from readily available chemicals like Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil.  There are many potentially explosive chemical mixtures that can be created out of commonly available materials

40. Visual 8.40 IED’s  May use nails, nuts/bolts etc… to improve lethality.  Each Fragment is launched like a bullet!  May employ the use of secondary devices.  Intended to go off after the initial charge  Intended to target the emergency responders.  This could be you!!

41. Visual 8.41 Secondary Device Threat

42. Visual 8.42 Ted Kaczynski’s Montana Cabin An armed IED was placed under the bunk.

43. Visual 8.43 Countering Terrorism  The number one priority of the FBI is to  DETECT  DETER and  DISRUPT  Terrorist attacks.  We don’t do this alone!  The FBI has become more proactive in it’s investigations.

44. Visual 8.44 Joint Terrorism Task Force “JTTF”

45. Visual 8.45 An Ounce of Prevention…  Teamwork  Get everyone working at detection and prevention.  We have to be right 100% of the time.  Prevention  Respond to potential threats and threat information.  Mitigation  Have Response Plans ready

46. Visual 8.46 Incident Response Phases  Tactical Phase  Removal of the hostile threat  Operational Phase  Rescue / Control Protect the Public Identify and mitigate hazards: –Explosives, HazMat, Structural, Electrical, etc…  Crime Scene Phase  Evidence Collection  Prosecution  Remediation Phase

47. Visual 8.47 You Can Help  Your assistance is needed. Certain activities can indicate terrorist planning. If you observe any of the following activities, please contact the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force and/or your local police department.

48. Visual 8.48 Be Alert and Report:  Unusual “surveillance” activity.  Probing questions about security, or access to non public areas.  Attempts to secure identification, or credentials by individuals without an apparent need.  Unusual purchases or thefts of materials or equipment.  Extremist Behavior or Rhetoric Advocating Violence  Suspicious Persons

49. Visual 8.49 Be Alert and Report  Surveillance  Suspicious Questioning  Tests of Security  Unauthorized attempts to enter secure areas  Unusual Supply or Equipment Purchases or Thefts  Extremist Behavior or Rhetoric Advocating Violence  Suspicious Persons

50. Visual 8.50 Final Thought You may not be interested in the war, but the war is interested in you!

51. Visual 8.51 Questions? Contact 713-693-5000

52. Visual 8.52

53. Visual 8.53

54. Visual 8.54 CERT Guiding Principles  Team safety is the number one priority.  Always do a thorough size up.  What are the dangers?  What are team capabilities?  What are team limitations?

55. Visual 8.55 Preparing for Terrorism  Assembling a disaster supply kit.  Identify a safe room and meeting place outside of the home or workplace.  Develop a family communication plan.  Learn shelter-in-place procedures.

56. Visual 8.56 Shelter-in-Place Procedures  Shut off ventilation system.  Go to safe room with disaster supply kit.  Duct tape plastic sheeting over openings where outside air can come in.  Seal with duct tape other areas where air can come in.  Listen to battery-powered radio for all clear.

57. Visual 8.57

58. Visual 8.58 Self-Care During Terrorist Incidents At the incident:  Limit exposure time.  Increase the distance from the hazard.  Add shielding.

59. Visual 8.59 Basic Decontamination Procedures 1.Leave the contaminated area. 2.Take decontamination action.  Remove everything.  Wash hands before using them to shower.  Shower or flush with cool water.  Blot dry. 3.Report for decontamination.

60. Visual 8.60 Establishing Zones “Cold Zone” Safe Area “Warm Zone” Evacuation & Decontamination Area “Hot Zone” Incident Contaminated Area Wind Direction

61. Visual 8.61 CERT Drill

62. Visual 8.62

63. Visual 8.63 CERT Drill  Review what we have learned.  Types of Disasters  Fire Suppression  Medical Triage  Search and Rescue  Disaster Psychology

64. Visual 8.64 CERT Drill  Design a drill.  Location  Number of Victims  Types of Injures  Ask questions and use the handbook.  SAFETY FIRST!  HAVE FUN!