2. Chapter 10 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

3. Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement Landmass Denudation Weathering Processes Karst Topography and Landscapes Mass Movement Processes

4. Weathering Processes Factors Influencing Weathering Processes Joints Rock Type Climate Time

5. Joints, Arches National Park, Utah

6. Weathering Processes Physical Weathering Processes Frost Action Crystallization Pressure-Release Biological Activity Hydration Abrasion Chemical Weathering Processes Hydrolysis Oxidation Carbonation

7. Physical Weathering Figure 10.5

8. Regolith, Soil, and Parent Materials Figure 10.4

9. Iron-rich red colored parent material turns into red sediment Figure 10.4

10. Differential Weathering, Arches National Park, Utah Figure 10.1

11. Crystallization Figure 10.8

12. Exfoliation in Granite Figure 10.9

13. Slope in Disequilibrium Figure 10.2

14. Yosemite Rockfall Figure 10.7

15. Slope Mechanics Figure 10.3

16. Slope Form Figure 10.3

17. Chemical Weathering Figure 10.10

18. Karst Topography and Landscapes Formation of Karst Lands Covered with Sinkholes Caves and Caverns

19. Orleans, Indiana Palmyra, Indiana Orangeville, Indiana

20. Radio Telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico Figure 10.12

21. Cavern Features Figure 10.13

22. Speleothems in Carlsbad Caverns National Park

23. “Soda straws” in Carlsbad Caverns National Park

24. Kartchner Caverns, Arizona

25. Ik Kil Cenotes in the Yucatan

36. Mass Movement Processes Mass Movement Mechanics Classes of Mass Movements Human-Induced Mass Movements (Scarification)

37. Mass Movement Classes Figure 10.15

38. Infrared Image of La Conchita Landslide from 2002

39. Lidar Image of the La Conchita Landslides in 1995 and 2005

40. Aerial Photograph of 1995 and 2005 Landslides

41. La Conchita Landslide in 1995

42. La Conchita Landslide damage from 2005

43. Madison River Landslide Figure 10.14

44. Rockfall and Talus Cone Figure 10.16

45. Debris Avalanche Figure 10.17

46. Gros Ventre Slide Figure 10.18 1925 Landslide Near Jackson, Wyoming

47. Soil Creep Figure 10.19

48. Geomorphology Geomorphology – The study of the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms.

49. Scarification Figure 10.20 Black Mesa Arizona Bingham Canyon, Utah Berkeley Pit copper Mine, Butte, Montana

50. End of Chapter 10 Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Modified by Jim Speer