1. Program For Wrestling Weight Monitoring Assessors Michigan High School Athletic Association 1661 Ramblewood Drive East Lansing, MI 48823

2. Primary Michigan Wrestling Weight Monitoring Personnel Michigan High School Athletic Association Phone (517) 332-5046 E-Mail: muyl@mhsaa.com

3. In-Service Content Introductions and agenda Components of the WWMP Body composition assessment Procedure for “Alpha Weigh-In”

4. In-Service Content Changes from last year Questions and answers LAB – practical assessment of athletes Test and evaluation

5. Reminder Wrestlers will be allowed to compete at their approved lowest minimum weight during an appeal for a lower weight. Wrestlers will be allowed to begin losing 1.5% immediately following the Alpha Weigh-In. It does not matter if they plan to appeal or not. Established Jan. 15 as the last date for hydrostatic appeals. Established a 48-hour wait period for all wrestlers that fail the specific gravity test for both skin fold & hydrostatic assessments and appeals.

6. NWCA ONLINE PROGRAM Upon successful completion of this course, the MHSAA will send each assessor their user ID and password, along with a list of wrestling schools and passwords. Only the registered assessor shall input data and use their ID and password- DO NOT SHARE YOUR PASSWORD WITH ANYONE! Keep a hard copy (worksheets) for your records and as a means of backup. Worksheets are available at mhsaa.com.

7. 1)Go to www.nwcaonline.comwww.nwcaonline.com 2)This is what the home page looks like…select OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE CALCULATOR from the WEIGHT MANAGEMENT tab.

8. Next, select LOGIN from the menu options at the top of the page.

9. This is the area where you LOGIN to the system. First enter your assessor ID and password, which is information that was supplied to you by the MHSAA after successful completion of the in-service course & exam.

10. You now have many options in the menu bar at the top of the page. As an assessor, you click on ASSESSORS at the top of the page, found between the instructions and educational links.

11. Once you click on ASSESSORS, you will have 7 different options. When first assessing a team, you will click HIGH SCHOOL INITIAL ASSESSMENT to enter the data into the Web site for the first time.

12. Select your school from the drop-down list and enter the SCHOOL PASSWORD from the Master List that was mailed to you by the MHSAA with your assessor ID and password.

13. IMPORTANT NOTE: At the initial LOGIN enter your school ID and password which will bring you to this page.

14. INITIAL ASSESSMENT The following page is form on which all data is entered. Enter the Name, Grade and Gender of the wrestler at the top of the page. Enter the Alpha Weight and indicate whether or not the wrestler passed the specific gravity test. If they failed the hydration test, stop right there and do not enter any further data- the wrestler cannot be reassessed for 48 hours! Then enter all measurements, as you go, by using the TAB key to move from field to field. By using the TAB key, the program makes the calculations automatically!

17. This is an example of a completed form by which data was entered using the TAB key to move from field to field.

18. Once Completed… Once you have completed entering a data for a wrestler, click SAVE CERT at the bottom of the page, and then move on to the next wrestler.

19. When doing an APPEAL for a wrestler, click on the APPEAL link under the assessor pull down menu.

20. By clicking APPEAL, you will be brought to this screen of wrestlers who had an initial assessment done. In entering an APPEAL, first click on the SELECT link beside wrestler’s name who is appealing from the above menu!

21. Next, enter the data by using the TAB key just as you did for an initial assessment. Once completed, click SAVE APPEAL at the bottom of the page!

22. CRITICAL NOTE: When doing either an initial assessment or appeal, it is NOT NECESSARY to complete the CERTIFICATION PORTION of the form where it asks for signatures of the athlete, athletic administrator, ATC and coach. By hitting SAVE at the bottom of the screen, you have made the assessment or appeal official. There is no need to sign or send any paper to the MHSAA!!!

23. To view or print the school’s Alpha Master Report, simply click on that link under the assessor menu pull down bar.

24. This is a copy of the Alpha Master Report that each school’s coach must print off and exchange with opposing coaches prior to the start of each competition. Appealed data will appear on the Alpha Master report, along with appeals that have been denied because of missed time frames or unacceptable measurements. Note that this form does NOT have to be signed or does NOT have to be mailed to the MHSAA!

25. To view or print an individual wrestler’s weight loss plan, simply click on that link under the assessor menu pull down bar.

26. Again, no signatures are necessary and this form is simply for the informational and education purposes of the school wrestler and coach!

27. For help, assistance or questions, click either the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) link, with a section devoted to Assessor FAQ’s or…

28. Hit the HELP link, which will put you in contact directly with the NWCA for technical assistance or questions. Any questions about the NWCA site itself or any issues with the entry of data, contact Pat Tocci at the NWCA.

29. It is important to note then when an assessor switches entering data of one school to another school, YOU MUST LOG OFF and then re-log on under your password and that new school’s ID number and password. It is critical that you log off when finished entering data, or switching to another school or link within the Web site!

30. NWCA Protocols See the NWCA Assessor Instructions (available at mhsaa.com). Follow all protocols as printed. For questions or technical support dealing specifically with the NWCA website or program, contact the NWCA. Phone712-653-8009 Fax712-653-8270 Emailptocci@nwca.cc

31. Why the Michigan Weight Monitoring Program? Safe participation Healthy athletes Best practices

32. American Medical Association- 1972 Position on weight loss in wrestling Advising against dehydration to “make weight” Warning against food restriction

33. American College of Sports Medicine - 1976 Position paper on making weight in wrestling Advising against the use of dehydration, sauna, and heat to lose weight

34. Components of the Program Nutrition Education Program Regulations Assessor In-Service

35. Regulation – Body Fat Limits Skinfold assessment in hydrated state Minimum of 7% - males Minimum of 12% - females

36. Skinfold Assessor In-Service Program For Wrestling Weight Monitoring Assessors

37. Skinfold Assessor In-Service Knowledge of MHSAA WWMP Professional judgement Valid assessment of body composition for wrestlers

38. Assessor Candidate Eligibility Physicians, MD or DO Physicians Assistant Nurse Practitioner RN, LPN Certified Athletic Trainer Physical Therapist Nutritionist Health Educator, Exercise Physiologist

39. Training the Skinfold Instructor (cont’d) Produce professional skinfold assessors Experience and background check Theory and practical exposure Required registration fee

40. Responsibilities of the Skinfold Assessor Program For Wrestling Weight Monitoring Assessors

41. Roles and Responsibilities of the Skinfold Assessor Providing a service to member schools of the MHSAA Model for young athletes Regard for “right to privacy” Confidentiality of information

42. Responsibilities of the Skinfold Assessor Maintain current registration Contract with school prior to Alpha Weigh-In Fee for service - no more than $5 Arrive Early Enter data online using your assessor password Serve as the resident expert

43. Responsibilities of the Skinfold Assessor (Cont’d) Lange or Harpenden skinfold calipers Assess and record each of the 3 measurements to the nearest.5 mm, for each site >3mm difference will be returned Record skinfold measurements for data entry

44. Responsibilities of the Skinfold Assessor (cont’d) Check all worksheets for accuracy before entering data online. If more than one assessor is involved make sure each wrestler is being entered online under the specific assessor’s password and login that assessed that wrestler.

45. Responsibilities of the Participating School Program For Wrestling Weight Monitoring Assessors

46. Responsibilities of the Participating School Contact a registered skinfold assessor Provide adult volunteers for:  Weigh-In  Skinfold measurement recording  Specific gravity (health professional)  Wrestling coaching staff is excluded from testing responsibilities

47. Responsibilities of the Participating School (cont’d) Purchase Bayer Multistix 10SG (#2161) Supply weight monitoring Data Forms provided by the MHSAA Certified scales used for the “Alpha Weigh- In” (Balance scales recorded up to nearest ¼ lb; digital 1/10 lb)

48. Responsibilities of the Participating School (cont’d) Complete data worksheets (except for specific gravity and skinfold data) Ensure that wrestlers are on time and prepared for assessment

49. Responsibilities of the Participating School (cont’d) Prepare wrestlers for Alpha Weigh-In  Undergarments/loose shorts & T-shirt  Collection cups  Secure private, controlled area for specific gravity assessment

50. Responsibilities of the Participating School FEE guidelines Limit $5 per student Fewer than six (6) wrestlers assessed on single date, one site, assessor permitted to charge mileage at current IRS rate or $30 service fee

51. Responsibilities of the MHSAA Program For Wrestling Weight Monitoring Assessors

52. Responsibilities of the MHSAA Prepare and register skinfold assessors Work with the NWCA in monitoring the website and entry of data. Administrate all aspects of the hydro appeal process.

53. Responsibilities of the MHSAA (cont’d) Maintain a file of hydrostatic weighings Maintain a file of Physicians Clearance –Due Monday following Dec. 25 Field calls from assessors and wrestling coaches pertaining to WWMP

54. Conducting the “Alpha Weigh-In” (The Stations) Data completion Hydration status – specific gravity of urine Weight Skinfold measurement verification Data verification & entry

55. Hydration Requirement Athletes must be in a proper state of hydration to determine their correct alpha weight Students should not exercise before the Alpha Weigh-In Specific gravity assessment of the urine will determine whether the wrestler may participate in the skinfold measurement process

56. Hydration Requirement (cont’d) This is simply a pass/fail assessment Specific gravity >1.025g/ml is a failed test “Alpha Weigh-In” must be conducted before the athletes participate in that day’s practice or conditioning No sweaty (and possibly dehydrated) athletes!

57. Specific Gravity Assessment Procedure Product used:  Bayer Multistix 10S (#2161)  Elkhart, IN Check expiration date!  Store in cool, dry place  Other Supplies needed  Latex free Gloves, Collection Cups  Biohazard bags

58. Make Sure Multistix Include Specific Gravity Band Make sure Multistix include Specific Gravity band Band 4

59. Check the expiration date Check expiration date at top of label Don’t use expired product

60. Specific Gravity Assessment Procedure (cont’d) It is helpful to cut off squares up to Specific Gravity section (olive green section) to make dipping and reading easier Available from various sources, including Shoreline Medical, Grand Rapids, MI 888.238.1800 616.365.8545

61. Hydratin – Specific Gravity Band Hydration—Specific Gravity Band

62. Simplify the Process Cut the Strip Below Band Three Simplify the process Cut the strip between band four and five

63. Dip Multistix and immediately remove from urine Dip Multistix and immediately remove from urine

64. Wipe excess urine on rim of container Air dry for 45 seconds Match band color with gravity band on bottle Wipe excess urine on rim of container Air dry for 45 seconds Match band color with gravity band on bottle

65. Compare the Multistix with the specific gravity band on the bottle Must Read <1.025

66. Specific Gravity Assessment Procedure (cont’d) Instruct athletes to drink 6-10 glasses of water daily for 2-3 days prior to this test Also, instruct them to urinate at least 1-2 times during the day prior to this test to prevent urine from becoming too concentrated

67. Specific Gravity Assessment School Volunteers control the environment Provide collection cup for one athleteat a time Athlete enters a secured area, one at a time Athlete collects a midstream sample & holds own specimen during test

68. Specific Gravity Assessment Test = Dip Multistix and remove immediately holding horizontally Hold horizontal, wait 45 seconds and then compare to color strip Continue with skinfold assessment if SG <1.025 (passing) Athlete-empty cup in toilet, cup in waste receptacle No weight or skinfolds if SG >1.025

69. Technical Information Program For Wrestling Weight Monitoring Assessors

70. Body Composition Prediction Methods Bioelectric Impedance - Analysis (BIA) Skeletal Anthropometric - Widths (SAW) Near Infa-Red (NIR) Computed Tomographs (CT scan) Bod Pod Hydrostatic Weighing (HW) Skinfold Assessment (SF)

71. Body Composition Prediction Methods Comparison of Methods Considerations  Cost  Availability  Time  Validity  Reliability  Why Skinfold Assessment?

72. Body Composition Prediction Skinfold Assessment Terminology  Total Body Weight (TBW)  Body Density (BD)  Lean Body Mass (LBM)  Percent Body Fat (%BF)

73. Body Composition Prediction Lean Body Mass (LBM)  Muscle mass  Bone mass  Provides for activity  Support structure  Use and production of blood

74. Body Composition Prediction Body Fat = (BF)  Essential fat  Non-essential fat  Insulates  Padding for organs

75. Body Composition Prediction Skinfold Assessment Terminology (cont’d)  Fat Weight (FW)  Minimum Wrestling Weight (MWW)  Optimal Body Weight (OBW)

76. Body Composition Prediction Skinfold Assessment Terminology (cont’d)  Minimum Weight  Regression Equation(s)  Population Specificity  Biological Variability  Technical Variability  Reliability  Validity

77. Skinfold Assessment Standards Standard Instruments  Caliper standard Lange or Harpenden  Site Location  Scale Certification  Standard Hydration

78. Skinfold Assessment Standards Lange Calipers

79. Skinfold Assessment Standards Site Selection and Identification  Anatomical Position  Right Side Assessment  Site Identification –Triceps –Subscapular –Abdominal  Site Rotation across sites

80. Skinfold Assessment Standards Sites  Identify & mark sites  Palpate site gently  Elevate skinfold & fat under it  Use thumb and index finger of left hand

81. Skinfold Assessment Standards Skinfold Sites (right side – rotate across)  Triceps = vertical, posterior mid-way between the AC joint and elbow olecranon process and mid-way between the medial and lateral tissue of the triceps (|)  Subscapular = diagonal axis one cm below inferior angle of scapula (\)  Abdominal = vertical, anterior 3 cm lateral & 1 cm below the umbilicus (|)

82. Skinfold Assessment Standards TRICEPS Vertical Posterior mid-way between AC joint and elbow olecranon process Mid-way between medial and lateral tissue of triceps

83. Skinfold Assessment Standards TRICEPS

84. Skinfold Assessment Standards SUBSCAPULAR –Diagonal fold taken 1cm below the inferior angle of the scapula

85. Skinfold Assessment Standards Measure & Mark ABDOMINAL –3 cm lateral to naval –1cm inferior –Vertical fold

86. Skinfold Assessment Standards Site Determined ABDOMINAL –3 cm lateral to naval –1cm inferior –Vertical fold

87. Skinfold Assessment Standards Measurement ABDOMINAL –3 cm lateral to naval –1cm inferior –Vertical fold

88. Skinfold Assessment Standards Tricep Site Perpendicular Caliper Orientation to site (+) Parallel skinfolds Calipers in right hand

89. Skinfold Assessment Standards Same mechanic Subscapular site

90. Skinfold Assessment Standards Avoid parallax error by looking straight on at the skinfold caliper’s measurement scale Follow natural cleavage of skinfold

91. Skinfold Assessment Standards Caliper jaws placed midway between body and crest of skinfold Caliper perpendicular to skinfold Read caliper between 2-4 seconds after releasing thumb pressure from caliper while maintaining skinfold grasp

92. Skinfold Assessment Standards Sites (cont’d)  Read measurement from caliper to the nearest 0.5mm  Have assistant record your measurements  Rotate to next site  Return to same site to obtain subsequent measures normally within 0.5mm of previous one BUT less than and not equal to 3mm variance

93. Skinfold Assessment Standards Improper Method! Angle of calipers

94. Skinfold Assessor Standards Improper Method! Holding too long to read

95. Skinfold Assessor Standards Improper Method! Vertical measurement Wrong Side of navel Horizontal Fold

96. Skinfold Assessor Standards Improper Method! Insufficient tissue

97. Skinfold Assessor Standards Improper Method! Left hand below calipers

98. Skinfold Assessment Standards Improper Method for subscapular site! Vertical measurement

99. Skinfold Assessment Standards Sites (cont’d)  Differences >3mm will not be accepted by the www.nwcaonline.com websitewww.nwcaonline.com Assessors will maintain all original data sheets in a secure location for 1 calendar year.

100. Skinfold Assessment Calculations LOHMAN Equation for Body Density BD= [1.0973 - (sumSFx.000815)]+[(sumSF) 2 x.00000084] sumSF=TricepsSF+SubscapularSF+AbdominalSF (each skinfold value is an average of the three recorded) carry out calculations to five places past the decimal e.g. 1.08787

101. Skinfold Assessment Calculations Brozek Equation for Body Fat from Body Density % BF = (457 / BD) - (414.2)  carry out calculations to two places past the decimal  e.g. 12.34%

102. Skinfold Assessment Calculations-Male Minimum Wrestling Weight @ 7% MWW = ([1-(%BF/100)] x TBW) / (.93) Alternate method  Fat Weight (FW) = TBW x (%BF/100)  Lean Body Mass (LBM) = TBW - FW  MWW = LBM /.93

103. Skinfold Assessment Calculations-Female Boileau Equation for %Body Fat – %BF=[1.35x(sumSF)] -[0.012x(sumSF) 2 ] - 3.4 – sumSF= Triceps SF + Subscapular SF – (each skinfold value is an average of the three recorded) MWW (females) = LBM /.88

104. Skinfold Assessment Calculations Sample Calculation For Male  Triceps= 4, Subscap= 5.2, Abdominal= 6.8  sum SF = 16 BD=[1.0973-(16 x.000815)]+[(16) 2 x.00000084] BD=1.08446 %BF=(457/BD)- 414.2 = 7.2%

105. The Appeal Process – Step 1 Reassessment by Original Assessor Step 1 may be bypassed and only step 2 performed Reassessment by same assessor Completed within 14 days of “Alpha Weigh-In” Reassessment data entered online by same assessor!

106. The Appeal Process – Step 1 Reassessment by Original Assessor Step 1 may be bypassed and only step 2 performed Includes reassessment of hydration

107. The Appeal Process – Step 2 Hydrostatic Weighing Hydrostatic Results are Final and Binding School files “Hydrostatic Weighing Proposal” prior to underwater weighing Facilities approved by MHSAA (check web) (www.mhsaa.com)

108. The Appeal Process – Step 2 Hydrostatic Weighing Hydrostatic Results are Final and Binding 14 day appeal period starts on the day following the original “Alpha Weigh-In” attempt  1.5% weight reduction allowed days 1-14 Hydrostatic weighing option ends on Jan. 15!

109. Let’s Review Remember:  Plan Ahead-Call Ahead  School provides help  Accuracy of Skinfolds  Skinfold Assessment  Max $5.00 / athlete  You will be the expert!

110. Michigan High School Athletic Association 1661 Ramblewood Drive East Lansing, MI 48823 (517) 332-5046 www.mhsaa.com