1. Guide to Researching the Law In Cyberspace University of Michigan Law Library Jennifer L. Selby International Law Librarian September 20, 2006

2. We will discuss: The sources and methods for conducting legal and law-related research on your chosen topic relating to Cyberspace Law We will rely primarily on free Internet resources, but also look at licensed online resources available to the UM community 2 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

3. Evaluating web sites Need to evaluate the information for quality: – Currency: Look for a date indicating the last time a web page was updated or a publication date on an individual document 3 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

4. Evaluating web sites – Authority: Government, university, and other public bodies and organizations lend more authority to the information on their web sites. Keep in mind however that an organization may have an agenda that shades the quality of their information. Look to see if a web site attributes its information to other bodies and if the information is provided in a more static format, such as PDF. 4 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

5. Evaluating web sites Durability: Remember that the web site can be ephemeral with documents and web sites disappearing. It is important to make copies, especially for citation purposes. The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly, or, Why It’s a Good Idea to Evaluate Web Sources (http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/eval.html)http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/eval.html 5 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

6. Searching the Internet Pandia (http://www.pandia.com/): A guide to Internet searching and search engine optimizationhttp://www.pandia.com/ – Specific Tips for searching Internet: http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/recommendations.html ` http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/recommendations.html Beyond Google and Yahoo: Advanced Search, Tom Mighell & Sabrina I. Pacifici (http://www.llrx.com/features/techshow06search.pdf)http://www.llrx.com/features/techshow06search.pdf Gumshoe Librarian 2006, Barbara Fullerton & Sabrina I. Pacifici (http://www.llrx.com/features/gumshoe06.htm) List of recommended web sites to enhance your research on various subjects, including cyber securityhttp://www.llrx.com/features/gumshoe06.htm 6 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

7. Searching the Internet Bespacif (http://www.bespacific.com/) Blog by Sabrina Pacifici on law & technology, “providing top-quality information on professional concerns like privacy, freedom of information, e-government, copyright, and proposed technology legislation.”http://www.bespacific.com/ 7 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

8. Secondary Source Research Do not reinvent the wheel – use books, law reviews, etc. to learn from and cite to the legal experts Good way to obtain citations to relevant case law, statutes, regulations, etc. 8 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

9. Secondary Source Research Books in the Law Library – Always start with Lexcalibur: http://lexcalibur.lib.law.umich.edu/ http://lexcalibur.lib.law.umich.edu/ – Keywords/Table of Contents – Subject Headings E.g., Internet law and legislation; Computer Networks law and legislation; Intellectual Property 9 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

10. Secondary Source Research Books Lists in Law Library – Computers and the Internet – List of important works in Law Library, but not comprehensive – place to start – Under “Reference Resources,” “Books Lists,” “Secondary Sources,” (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/bibliographies/2dysrc s/secondarysourcesindex.htm#d-j)http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/bibliographies/2dysrc s/secondarysourcesindex.htm#d-j 10 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

11. Secondary Source Research Books in other libraries on campus, such as Graduate Library – Mirlyn covers all libraries except Law and Business: http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/ http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/ – Keyword – Covers legal aspects and non-legal aspects of relevant topics 11 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

12. Google Book Project/Mbooks UM Library collections currently being scanned in full (for materials out of copyright) and in limited view or snippets (for material still in copyright) - http://books.google.com/ & http://mirlyn.lib.umich.eduhttp://books.google.com/ http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu – Produces searchable Index of books, allowing full-text searching of keywords – Researcher can then retrieve paper copy if material relevant & want to see more – Law Library collections not yet scanned 12 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

13. Secondary Source Research Law Reviews/Journals: Note that there does not exist one single database that comprehensively covers all the law journals – Instead, you must use a combination of tools/databases 13 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

14. Secondary Source Research - Articles Free online articles: – Law Reviews/Journals - http://www.jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.htm#Reviews http://www.jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.htm#Reviews Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review Berkeley Technology Law Journal – SSRN Cyberspace Law Abstracts Choose “Legal Scholarship Network” from menu Choose “Subject Matter” Choose “Cyberspace Law” 14 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

15. Secondary Source Research - Articles Law Library’s Electronic Resources List - http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/ereslistindex. htm http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/ereslistindex. htm – Licensed online resources; access limited to UM Community Full- text: Lexis/Westlaw HeinOnline JSTOR 15 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

16. Secondary Source Research - Indexes Index to Legal Periodicals and Books Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals LegalTrac Proquest 16 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

17. Secondary Source Research – Research Guides Jurist/Cyberspace Law (http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.htm): Links to news, books, articles, etc.http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.htm LLRX.com – Search engines – State & Federal Law – International Law – Comparative & Foreign Law 17 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

18. Primary Law Research U.S. Federal & State International Law Foreign Law 18 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

19. U.S. Federal and State Law Federal – Legislation/Regulations/Case Law GPO Access (http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.html)http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.html – Provides links to other offiicial web sites, such as US Supreme Court (http://www.supremecourtus.gov/)http://www.supremecourtus.gov/ Cornell LII (http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/federal/)http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/federal/ 19 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

20. U.S. Federal and State Law Findlaw for Legal Professionals (http://lp.findlaw.com/)http://lp.findlaw.com/ Lexisone (http://www.lexisone.com/) Free web resources that include federal case lawhttp://www.lexisone.com/ LexisNexis Academic/Legal Research (Access limited to UM community)(http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe)http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe 20 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

21. U.S. Federal and State Law Federal: Legislative History (Bills, Reports, Hearings, etc.) and Bill tracking – Library of Congress/Thomas (http://thomas.loc.gov/)http://thomas.loc.gov/ – LexisNexis Congressional/Legislative Histories, Bills & Laws (Access limited to UM community)(http://web.lexis- nexis.com/congcomp/)http://web.lexis- nexis.com/congcomp/ 21 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

22. U.S. Federal and State Law State – Legislation/Regulations/Case Law Cornell LII (http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/states/index.html)http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/states/index.html Findlaw for Legal Professionals (http://www.findlaw.com/11stategov/)http://www.findlaw.com/11stategov/ Lexisone (http://www.lexisone.com/) Free web resources that include statel case lawhttp://www.lexisone.com/ LexisNexis Academic/Legal Research (Access limited to UM community)(http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe)http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe 22 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

23. U.S. Federal and State Law Gateway/Database sties – Firstgov (http://www.firstgov.gov)http://www.firstgov.gov Allows searcing of” millions of web pages from federal and state governments, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories.” – Findlaw (http://www.findlaw.com) Law portal with own search enginehttp://www.findlaw.com – Catalaw (http://www.catalaw.com) “Catalog of catalogs of worldwide law on the Internet.”http://www.catalaw.com – Regulations.gov (http://www.regulations.gov)http://www.regulations.gov Locate and comment on U.S. Federal agency regulations – USPTO (http://www.uspto.gov)http://www.uspto.gov Patent & Trademark searches 23 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

24. U.S. Federal and State Law Specialized Resources (Licensed and available to UM community) – Electronic versions of looseleaf services, covering specialized areas of law (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/bycategory/eb ooks.htmhttp://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/bycategory/eb ooks.htm CCH OmniTax Online Library CCH Business & Finance CCH Internet Health & Human Resources 24 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

25. U.S. Federal and State Law Records & Briefs – Federal Courts – US Supreme Court U.S. SCt.Records & Briefs, 1832-1978: PDF documents, access restricted to UM community (http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/umich_law?db=SCRB)http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/umich_law?db=SCRB Lexis (Gendfed; Briefs) 1979 Westlaw (SCT_Breifs) 1990/91- Microfiche in Law Library, 1832-present (Call No. Micro-10 S1) See Reference Desk for help 25 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

26. U.S. Federal and State Law – Federal Courts – Others Law Library does not have access to Court of Appeals or District Court documents – State Courts – Michigan Supreme Court Online, 2001/2002 – (http://courts.michigan.gov/supremecourt/Clerk/msc_orals.htm)http://courts.michigan.gov/supremecourt/Clerk/msc_orals.htm Paper in Law Library, 1854-present (Call No. Records & Briefs) See Reference Desk for help – State Courts – Others Law Library does not carry 26 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

27. U.S. Federal and State Law Call individual federal or state courts and for a fee obtain copies of documents Pacer (http://pacer.psc.uscourts.gov)http://pacer.psc.uscourts.gov – For-fee database of online full-text records, briefs, etc. for all US Federal courts – Law Library does not have access – Can sign up individually and use personal credit card – fees are minimal – Not all Federal Courts participate 27 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

28. U.S. Federal and State Law Focused Google search – Search case name in quotations Case may be posted by a blogger or a party involved If all else fails: Check to see if specialized case reporter is in paper in Law Library – E.g., BNA’s Patent, Trademark & Copyright Journal (PTCJ) is available in paper, 1973 - [Eng Per B_N_A's] 28 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

29. International Law/Treaties Key questions to locating a treaty: – Is it bilateral or multilateral? – Is the U.S. a party? – What is the date? See: Accidental Tourist table, Ch. 6; pgs. 133- 134. [Online in Lexcalibur and paper in Ref Coll Bibliog Accident] 29 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

30. Treaties US a party? – Start with US Treaties in Force http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/treaties/ http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/treaties/ UST TIAS UNTS (multilateral/bilateral) KAV International Legal Materials (ILM) 30 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

31. Treaties United States Treaties (UST) – Paper: 1950 – [JX8 9 U58.3 A] 10+ time lag in publication – Online: Treaties and Agreements Library/HeinOnline, 1950-1984, PDF documents http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection =ustreaties http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection =ustreaties 31 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

32. Treaties TIAS – Like a slip opinion – Paper through 1996 (10 yr time lag) – Online/PDF 1996- : http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/tias/ http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/tias/ 32 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

33. Treaties Kavass (KAV): United States Treaty Index & Hein Microfiche Series – Master Guide & various indexes – Online: Treaties and Agreements Library/HeinOnline, PDF documents http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection =ustreaties http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection =ustreaties KAV 0001-7503 (1987-2006) 33 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

34. Treaties UN Treaties – UNTS – Multilateral and bilaterial, to which US may or may not be a party – Paper: United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS), 1946- [JX9 UN.8 V.1] League of Nations Treaty Series (LNTS), 1929-1946 [Micro-10 LLMC 79-454] 34 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

35. Treaties – UN Treaty Collection - Electronic Resource List (Mostly PDF documents) (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/intl/un.htm) : International Law/Treatieshttp://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/intl/un.htm Mulitlaterial Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General (paper (Ref CollIndexes Multilat) or online). UNTS 1946- [JX9 UN.8 V.1] & Online 35 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

36. Government Documents E.g., United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), European Union (EU), etc. Typically the best place to start is the organization’s website – See Law Library’s Electronic Resources List: http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/er eslistindex.htm http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/er eslistindex.htm 36 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

37. Government Documents UM Library Documents Center - http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ – Inter-govenrmental Organizations (IGOs) (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html#IGOs)http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html#IGOs EU – Europa (portal server) Eur-lex (Legislation, Case Law, Treaties, etc) UN – Official Document System (ODS) – Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html#listsNGOs)http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html#listsNGOs – Statistics (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html)http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html 37 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

38. Foreign Law Law of jurisdictions outside of the U.S. – 200+ non-US jurisdictions General sources: – Reynolds & Flores Best starting place for foreign law Multi-volume set; also online at Electronic Resources List – Introduction to Foreign Legal Research UM Law Library Research Guide: http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/resguides/pdfs/foreign.p df http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/resguides/pdfs/foreign.p df 38 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

39. Foreign Law Foreign legal citations can look weird – 1995 (1) SACR 45 (CC) South African Criminal Reports, Constitutional Court – §191 Nr. 5 ZPO Zivilprozeßordnung (civil procedure code of Germany) – Clunet 122 no. 3:585-597 ’95 Journal du Droit International (France) – 13 Gr.B. 408 (1901) The Green Bag 39 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

40. Foreign Law Sources to help you identify weird cites – World Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations – Noble’s International Guide to the Law Reports – Bieber’s – Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (Online at Electronic Resources List) – BlueBook 40 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

41. Foreign Law Locating sources of foreign primary law: – Reynolds & Flores Paper [Ref Coll Bibliog Reynolds] Online – Electronic Resources List – Lexcalibur – Online sources Compiled Foreign Law links – Electronic Resources List/Foreign & Comparative Law: http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/ereslist index.htm http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/ereslist/ereslist index.htm 41 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

42. Foreign Law Foreign Primary Law on the Web (U. of Houston) http://www.law.uh.edu/libraries/fi/foreignlaw.html http://www.law.uh.edu/libraries/fi/foreignlaw.html Compilation of Foreign Laws by Country (Harvard) http://www.law.harvard.edu/library/services/research/ guides/international/web_resources/foreignA.php http://www.law.harvard.edu/library/services/research/ guides/international/web_resources/foreignA.php 42 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

43. Foreign Law Locating foreign periodical sources – Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals – LegalTrac – Index to Legal Periodicals and Books Don’t look for periodical articles on Lexcalibur! 43 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

44. Law Firms Hieros Gamos (http://www.hg.org) Collection of law firm links and legal information based on practice area (such as Computer Law; Technology & Cyberspace Law)http://www.hg.org 44 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

45. Background Materials UM Law Library’s Internet Legal Research Guide (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/res guides/pdfs/internet.pdf)http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/res guides/pdfs/internet.pdf 45 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY

46. Finals Tips Keep a research log! Be sure to properly cite your sources – do not plagiarize! Stop by the Reference Desk for further help: – Staffed 9am-midnight, 7 days/week – Librarians available Mon-Wed, 10-6pm; Thur-Fri, 10-5pm, and Sunday, 2-6pm 46 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW LIBRARY