1. Sources of Energy for the Chemical Industries Dr. Lek Wantha

2. Energy Consumption in the World 2

3. Energy Consumption in Thailand 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. Energy Requirement in Industries 7 Thermal power  Steam & hot water  Burning various fuel  Coal  Coke  Natural gas Electrical power  Major source of energy  Electrochemical and electrostatic phenomena Mechanical power  Crushing  Grinding  Mixing  Centrifuge  Pump  Fan  Blower

8. Thermal Power Steam turbine 8

9. Electrical Power Thailand electricity generation by sources in 2011 9

10. 10 Classified of Energy Sources

11. Non-renewable Energy Fossil fuel  Solid  Natural form  Processed form  Liquid  Petroleum oil  Gas  Natural gas Nuclear power Renewable Energy  Biomass  Hydro energy  Solar energy  Geothermal energy  Marine energy  Wind energy  Bio-energy 11

12. Classified of Energy Sources Fossil fuel Material Mass Percent CarbonHydrogenOxygen Lignite71524 Sub-bituminous74521 Bituminous84511 Anthracite9433 12 Classified of Energy Sources

13. Distribution of Energy in Thailand Central (517.83 million tons) North (1,723.64 million tons) South (16.65 million tons) Gulf of Thailand (47,843,000 barrel) Central (57,218,000 barrel) North (1,700,000 barrel) Crude Oil Coal 13

14. Gas Form North seaThe NetherlandsLibyaAlgeria Methane94.881.771.486.5 Ethane32.7169.4 Propane0.60.47.92.6 Butanes0.20.13.41.1 Pentanes0.21.11.30.1 Nitrogen1.214-0.3 Percentage composition of some commercial natural gas 14

15. Distribution of Natural Gas in Thailand 15

16. Renewable Energy Sources 16 Renewable Energy (7%) Nuclear power (5%) Energy sources Coal, gas, oil (88%)

17. Biomass Conversion Bio-conversion Fermentation Ethanol Anaerobic bacteria CH4 CO2 Thermal conversion Combustio n Wood burning P yrolysis Charcoal Liquefaction Bio-oil Gasification LHVMHV 17 Biomass Indigenous Stored energy Flexible Capture CO 2 Agricultural skills MHV: medium heating value LHV: low heating value

18. Hydro Energy 16.4% in Thailand 18

19. Solar Energy 19

20. Solar collectors 20

21. Geothermal Energy 21

22. Marine Energy 22

23. Wind Energy 23

24. Bioenergy 24

25. Nuclear Energy nuclear power plant 25

26. Sources Kiattikomol, R. Chemical process industry. Faculty of Engineer, Burapha University. http://www.eppo.go.th/info/cd- 2012/Energy%20Statistics%20of%20Thailand%202012.pdf http://www.eia.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=TH http://www.forteachersforstudents.com.au/CEC- Education/efficiency.php 26