1. Transportation Energy MAKING SUSTAINABILITY WORK Transportation Energy What happens if climate change regulations shape the market? Presented by Joshua Proudfoot, Principal, Good Company Good Company 65 Centennial Loop, Suite B Eugene, Oregon 97401 www.goodcompany.com phone 541.341.4663 fax 541.341.6412

2. Transportation Energy Is transportation the big GHG problem? 2

3. Transportation Energy Is transportation the big GHG problem? 3

4. Transportation Energy How close are we to meeting Oregon 2050 goal? 4

5. Transportation Energy US Gas and Diesel use with volume requirements of the RFS 5

6. Transportation Energy How far can alternative fuels get us? 6

7. Transportation Energy Carbon intensities of fuel 7 FuelLC Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ Notes Gasoline95.9Going up over time Diesel94.8Going up over time Corn Ethanol48-91Land use and energy source Cellulosic Ethanol<25Coming soon… Sugar Cane Ethanol12-27.4Waste product CNG68+Fugitive emissions will make this number go up nearly 10% or more LNG73-93Compression energy LFG, AD, Waste Grease biodiesel <20Waste products Electricity104-200+Could be closer to 0 with renewables Hydrogen76-142Renewables to natural gas feedstocks CARB, CI Lookup tables

8. Transportation Energy US conventional fuel use versus waste derived fuels (<20%) 8

9. Transportation Energy What’s in the way of waste to fuels? 9

10. Transportation Energy What about EVs? 10

11. Transportation Energy What about EVs? 11 3x more efficient than ICE for motive power Read 1/3 rd the carbon intensity from any power source making electricity Electricity can scale up cleanly Batteries/range/price/vehicle types Night time generation storage

12. Transportation Energy Fuel Cost versus Electricity Cost 12 Source: Edison Electric Institute (EEI, 2011)EEI, 2011

13. Transportation Energy Percent of households by vehicle ownership and population density (from 2009 NHTS) 13

14. Transportation Energy What would a continuous network look like? 14 EPRI, 2014

15. Transportation Energy MPG Equivalent - GHG per mile from different electric power sources 15 Anair, Don and Amine Mahmassani. “State of Charge.” Union of Concerned Scientists, June, 2012.

16. Transportation Energy 2012 Nissan leaf GHG Equivalent MPG 16 Union of Concerned Scientists, 2013

17. Transportation Energy Regional Electricity Grid Generation Sources 17 Source: Oregon Department of Energy

18. Transportation Energy 2010 - 13 states where the electric LEAF is more climate friendly than the gas-powered Prius 18 Climate Central

19. Transportation Energy Renewable Portfolio Standards make a difference 19 Climate Central

20. Transportation Energy Weekday Residential Charging Demand in PG&E Territory AKA Storage Works 20 http://www.theevproject.com/cms-assets/documents/125348-714937.pev-driver.pdf

21. Transportation Energy Cradle to Grave LCA GHG Vehicle and Fuel Pathway 21 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record Record #: 14006 Date: March 21, 2014 Title: Cradle to Grave Lifecycle Analysis of Vehicle and Fuel Pathways Joseck and Ward

22. Transportation Energy Trucks 22 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record Record #: 14006 Date: March 21, 2014 Title: Cradle to Grave Lifecycle Analysis of Vehicle and Fuel Pathways Joseck and Ward

23. Transportation Energy Punch line (When GHGs become a national priority) 23 Long Term – EVs and Hybrids for personal vehicles – Hydrogen Hybrids for big rigs Near Term – Cheap, abundant, domestic natural gas

24. Transportation Energy Low tech paths to lower GHG’s 24 Highway measures?

25. Transportation Energy Low-tech paths to lower GHGs 25 ITS Mass transit Freight lanes Triple trailers

26. Transportation Energy What energy sources do you use in your daily life? 26

27. Transportation Energy US energy mix by percentage from 1800-2000. 27 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

28. Transportation Energy Thank you Joshua Proudfoot, Principal Investigator, MA Good Company joshua.proudfoot@goodcompany.co m joshua.proudfoot@goodcompany.co m 541-341-4663 x 213 www.goodcompany.com 28