1. Tuesday 10/28 Today Read the intro to Populism and Protest on page 212 and top of 213. Who made up the People’s Party or Populist party? What was their platform (or what they stood for)? Today: Review Ch. 7.3 Begin Ch. 7.4 Objective: –Understand similarities between the protesters of the 1800s with protesters today.

2. Rise of Populism Populism- the people’s party—1892-government back in the hands of the people. –Made up of rural people and farmers –What did they want: Shorter workday for industrial labors and restricted immigration. Free coinage of silver -make silver not gold legal tender. –Huge debt due to farming huge tracts of land. –Over production meant falling prices and foreclosures of farms. –Natural disasters—plague of grasshoppers, droughts, and storms Unite and Decline –Farmers banded to together to form the Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the Grange, in 1867. Regulate RR freight rates and to fund agricultural colleges, and also formed sales cooperatives. –Farmers Alliance in the 1880s: South and on the Plains. Reformers wanted to be freed from exploitative practices of banks, railroads, and merchants. Populism lost strength due to not joining together— –Did not want to unite with minorities (Look at chart on page 213) –Answer question below it.

3. Look at map on page 214 Answer the question below it.

4. Gold and Silver In the 1896 presidential race, William Jennings Bryan promoted “free silver.” Farmers became convinced that minting silver coins would be to their benefit. An increased money supply meant inflation, which would bring about higher crop prices, allowing debts to be paid with devalued dollars. In 1900 the U.S. officially adopted the gold standard. This meant the U.S. would redeem any of its currency (coin or paper) in gold upon demand. It did keep inflation in check, but did not allow for needed adjustments in the money supply. After going on and off the gold standard, the U.S. eventually gave it up under FDR.

6. Labor Organizes --Protest Labor organizations develop during the mid-1800s. Union, an organization for mutual benefit. Knights of Labor-first national labor union to remain active for more than a few years. –Accepted all gainfully employed persons. Wanted new laws: cut the workday to 8hrs and equal pay for men and women doing the same work. –Mary Harris Jones –”Mother Jones” (page 215) “the most dangerous woman in America” –Membership up to 700,000 in 1886. –American Federation of Labor (AFL) Replaced Knights of Labor as the leading union. Led by Samuel Gompers—advocated boycotts.

7. What did Labor Unions want? Shorter work days–8 hours instead of 10 hours. Better pay- Better work conditions- windows, lights, breaks, stand upright, etc.

8. Protests and Violence (page 217) Haymarket Riot –Chicago, May 3, 1886. –Police and strikers killed; many injured. –8 strike leaders put on strike for bomb. –7 out of the 8 sentenced to death; 4 were hanged. Homestead Strike (page 216) –Pennsylvania in 1892. –Steelworkers’ union strike when Carnegie steel company reduces wages. –Pinkerton Detective Agency sends 300 guards to protect factories. –Several people killed. –Strike failed when strikers quit the strike and went back to work. Pullman Strike –Strike against Pullman sleeping car works near Chicago. –Pullman company town—where George Pullman owned everything. –Depression of 1893 hurt workers when wages were cut and workers fired. –Eugene Debs led the strike. –President Cleveland had to step in and ordered army troops to disperse strikers. –Violence erupted when strikers set boxcars on fire. –1895, the Supreme Court upheld the President’s right to issue an injunction (order to end a strike) –This led to corporations gaining a powerful legal weapon

9. Obstacles to unity Unions hurt themselves by excluding women, members of minority groups, and unskilled workers. By 1900, 1 in every 33 workers belonged to a union. –Fewer than 100,000 of the 5.3 million women workers belonged to unions. Resentment towards immigrants-Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. –Mobs in San Francisco, Tacoma, Seattle, and Denver rampaged Chinese areas in the 1870s and 1880s. –Law halted Chinese workers—supported by American unions.

10. Open your textbook to page 218 Objective: –Understand the reasons for U.S. expansion into the western hemisphere. –Describe the acquiring of Hawaii, Philippines, and Alaska. As a class we will read page 218. Please read pages 218-223 and answer the questions on the board. Title: Ch. 7.4—Reaching for Empire Due Thursday. ANSWER COMPLETELY!!!!