1. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

2. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

3. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

4. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

5. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

6. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

7. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

8. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

9. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

10. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

11. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

12. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

13. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

14. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

15. Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

16. Sedimentary strata reveal the relative ages of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

17. Radiometric dating can provide the absolute age. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

18. Geologic eras and periods correspond to major transitions in fossil species. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

19. The fossil record is substantial… Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

20. The fossil record is substantial… …but incomplete. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

21. The fossil record is substantial… …but incomplete. It favors species that: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

22. The fossil record is substantial… …but incomplete. It favors species that: existed for a long time were widespread had hard shells or skeletons Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

24. Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

25. Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny. Pangaea formed in the late Paleozoic era and broke up in the early Mesozoic era. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

27. The history of life is punctuated by mass extinctions. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

29. Taxonomy: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

30. Taxonomy: The identification and classification of species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

31. Taxonomy: The identification and classification of species. Taxon: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

32. Taxonomy: The identification and classification of species. Taxon: A single category of species. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

33. domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

34. domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Dumb kings play chess on fine green sand.

35. domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Dumb kings play chess on fine green sand.

36. domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Dumb kings play chess on fine green sand. Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera pardus

37. Systematics: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

38. Systematics: The study of biological diversity in an ecological context. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

39. Phylogeny: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

40. Phylogeny: The evolutionary development of a taxon from earlier taxa. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

41. Cladistics: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

42. Cladistics: The classification of species by their evolutionary descent. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

43. Clade: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

44. Clade: An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

45. Clade: An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants. A clade is defined by its evolutionary novelties and shared characteristics. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

46. lamprey

47. lancet

48. lamprey lancet leopard

49. lamprey lancet leopard salamander

50. lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna

51. lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

52. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

53. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

54. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

55. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

56. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

57. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

58. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

59. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

60. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

61. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

62. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

63. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

64. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

65. hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

66. Systematics can infer phylogeny from molecular data. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

67. 1 2 3 4 Four closely related species

68. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Three possible cladograms

69. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Nucleotide sequences for the four species 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

70. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 1 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

71. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 2 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

72. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 3 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

73. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 4 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

74. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 5 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

75. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 6 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

76. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Base changes at site 7 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

77. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Total number of base changes 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG 8910

78. 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 Likeliest cladogram 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG 8910

79. Parsimony Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

80. Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

81. Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

82. Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle, says when offered several explanations, use the simplest. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

83. KISSKISS

84. Keep It Simple, Stupid!

85. The simplest phylogenetic tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

86. “Molecular clocks” keep track of evolutionary time. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

87. Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

88. Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

89. Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data. But they are “flourishing with lively debate.”. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics