1. St. John in the Wilderness1 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558)  Lady Jane Grey (1553)  Legitimacy of her claim to the Throne  Queen for a Day?  Personality?  What happens to her?

2. St. John in the Wilderness2 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) A Tudor – Stubborn and Controlling A Tudor – Stubborn and Controlling Staunchly Catholic Staunchly Catholic Proclaimed herself Queen of England Proclaimed herself Queen of England –No real opposition

3. St. John in the Wilderness3 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) Return to Catholicism Return to Catholicism –Supreme Head of Church of England –Parliament repeals Edwardian legislation Church back to 1547 Church back to 1547 –Mary still in control No talk about Henry’s Acts No talk about Henry’s Acts No talk about reconciliation with Rome No talk about reconciliation with Rome

4. St. John in the Wilderness4 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) Publication of Injunctions (1554) Publication of Injunctions (1554) –Required all bishops to restore old order Remove married priests Remove married priests Keep holy days Keep holy days Deprive clergy holding heretical opinions (20%) Deprive clergy holding heretical opinions (20%) Churches restored – relics and stone alters Churches restored – relics and stone alters –Vestments repaired and used

5. St. John in the Wilderness5 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) Imprisonment of Bishops Hooper, Latimer, Ridley, and Archbishop Cranmer Imprisonment of Bishops Hooper, Latimer, Ridley, and Archbishop Cranmer –Catholic clergy return to England Reactions Reactions –Little disturbance –Only 4 years of change – return to what average person was accustomed to

6. St. John in the Wilderness6 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) Spanish Wedding – announced January 12, 1554 Spanish Wedding – announced January 12, 1554 –Phillip II – King of Spain –Wedding in July 1554 –Spain’s pawn in Europe –Need to reconcile with Rome

7. St. John in the Wilderness7 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) Reconciliation with Rome Reconciliation with Rome –Stumbling Block – spoilation of church under Henry VIII Would gentry/merchants be required to return property to church Would gentry/merchants be required to return property to church –Reginald Pole dispatched back to England as Cardinal Legate – to assist England’s return to Rome –Parliament revives old laws against heresy (11/1554 –Act of Repeal - turns back Henry VIII’s laws, with exception of dissolution of monasteries “to call us home again into the right way fromwhence we have all this long while wandered and strayed abroad” “to call us home again into the right way fromwhence we have all this long while wandered and strayed abroad” –11/30/1554 Cardinal Pole absolved England from schism

8. St. John in the Wilderness8 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Mary Tudor (1553-1558) The Road to Disaster The Road to Disaster –Flight from England –Burning Out Protestantism – 1555 - Bishops Hooper, Latimer, Ridley, and Archbishop Cranmer –England dragged into war with France (because of Phillip) and Pope Nationalistic fever – return to papal allegiance meant loss of national prestige Nationalistic fever – return to papal allegiance meant loss of national prestige –Extent and savagery of religious persecutions – disgusted population –Clerical marriage – give up wives and children Welcoming of Mary’s death Welcoming of Mary’s death

9. St. John in the Wilderness9 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Religious Settlement Religious Settlement –Wedded to Protestantism by birth –Political Stability needed –Intense religious and political climate –“windows into mens’ souls”

10. St. John in the Wilderness10 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Elizabeth I (1558-1603) 1559 Act of Supremacy 1559 Act of Supremacy –Abolished papal allegiance –Recognized Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of Church of England 1559 Act of Uniformity 1559 Act of Uniformity –Restored the 2 nd Prayer Book –Established the only form of public worship –Set up the Court of High Commission to enforce uniformity

11. St. John in the Wilderness11 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation -- Elizabeth I (1558-1603) 1562 Parliament passes 39 Articles 1562 Parliament passes 39 Articles –Revision from 42 Articles –Note this was a political act Other Parliamentary legislation Other Parliamentary legislation –Oath of Allegiance to Elizabeth as Queen and new Governor of the Church – required by all government and church officials –Accepted, by and large, with little opposition, initially.

12. St. John in the Wilderness12 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation – Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Catholic Reaction to Elizabethan Compromise  1570 Papal Excommunication of Elizabeth  Jesuit prostelytizing  Catholic opposition awakened in England  Fines for non-attendance of church services and for saying or hearing Catholic Mass  Priests charged with treason  @200 Catholics executed during her reign  Plots against Elizabeth’s life  Mary Queen of Scots executed 1587  1588 – Spanish Armada – God is an Englishman

13. St. John in the Wilderness13 Passion, Politics and Protest: The English Reformation – Elizabeth I (1558-1603)  Protestant Reaction to Elizabethan Compromise  Puritans and other separatists  Court of High Commission tried all cases of nonconformity – required political uniformity Successor James I of Scotland named on deathbed Successor James I of Scotland named on deathbed