1. ▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank. 1 8 9 TOEFL Reading in sum, due to, were able to, imbalance between, pay attention to * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. specialist2. practical 3. starvation4. shortage 5. adequate6. imbalance 7. income8. rural 9. flooding10. simultaneously 11. urban12. soaring 13. combination14. analysis 15. prevent16. distribution 17. Indeed, urban workers who did not experience falling incomes due to the floods have food despite soaring prices. 사실, 홍수로 인한 임금 삭감을 겪지 않은 도시 근로자들은 상승하는 가격에도 불구하고 식량을살 수 있었다. 18. It is an what food costs and what hungry people can afford to pay. 기아는 식량의 가격과 배고픈 사람들이 지불할 수 있는 가격의 불균형이다. 19., it wasn’t the high price of food, nor the low incomes of farm workers that caused famine. 결론적으로, 기아를 일으킨 것은 높은 가격의 식량도, 농장 일꾼들의 낮은 소득도 아니었다. 20. It is also important to the distribution of income among rural poor groups. 지방의 빈곤층 사이의 소득 분배에 신경을 쓰는 것 역시 중요하다. 21. The case of Bangladesh famine in 1974 occurred since the incomes of rural workers fell flooding when food prices went up simultaneously. 1974 년의 방글라데시 기아는 지방의 근로자들의 수입이 홍수로 인해 줄어 들고 동시에 식량의 가격이 상승했기 때문에 일어났다.

2. ▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. What Causes Famine? Amartya Sen, a specialist in the theory of economic welfare and the practice problems of starvation and famine, is the winner of 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic Science. Born in Bengal, in India in 1933, Sen taught at Trinity College and Cambridge University in the U.K. Sen studied the cause of famine. He found that famine often occurs even when there is no overall shortage of food. Some population groups experience starvation, while others have adequate food supplies. There are also cases in which some regions experiencing famine and starvation export food to other nonfamine areas. According to Sen, famine is not a simple matter of too much population or not enough food. It is an imbalance between what food costs and what hungry people can afford to pay. The case of Bangladesh famine in 1974 occurred since the incomes of rural workers fell due to flooding when food prices went up simultaneously. Families had less income, but famine would not have occurred if the food prices had remained the same. Also, even though the price of food went up, that would not have caused famine if people had had their normal level of incomes. Indeed, urban workers who did not experience falling incomes due to the floods were able to have food despite soaring prices. In sum, it wasn’t the high price of food, nor the low incomes of farm workers that caused famine. It was the combination of lower incomes and higher food prices that created the human disaster of famine in Bangladesh in 1974. Sen’s analysis has many implications regarding the cause of famine. One of them is that famine cannot be prevented just by keeping food prices down. It is also important to pay attention to the distribution of income among rural poor groups. 1 8 9 TOEFL Reading 22. The Bangladesh famine in 1974 was caused by_____ ① several flooding in the region. ② the rise of food prices after the flooding. ③ the Income drop experienced by rural workers after the flood. ④ the combination of higher food prices and lower family incomes after the flooding incident. 23. Research by Sen tells us that _____ ① it is important to keep food prices low, so we can reduce the risk of famine. ② it is important to be aware of the distribution of income among poor rural communities in order to reduce the risk of famine. ③ it is important that cultures control their population to avoid having too many people in an area that cannot supply enough food. ④ famine has many causes, and more research is needed to draw any appropriate conclusions.

3. ☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Complete the sentence. You can change the form of the following words. 1 8 9 TOEFL Reading 24. Which of the following words most closely means the word 'adequate' from the article? ① Shortage ② Sufficient ③ Imbalance ④ Soaring 25. According to the article, what is one of the main causes of famine? ① There is a shortage of food in a given area, so people that live in the area do not have enough food to survive. ② When there is too much of a population in a given area, it is impossible to supply enough food for the people. ③ It is often caused by an imbalance between the cost of food, and the prices hungry people are able to afford to pay. ④ Regions are exporting their foods to make the government money, leaving a shortage of food for people to eat. 26. Research shows that Famine could be prevented by keeping food prices down. _____ 27. High population in poor areas is the determining cause of famine. _____ 28. Famine is often caused by a combination of factors, and often enough, the situation could be avoided. _____ 29. My is that we form a music band. (suggest) 30. You need to pay to what I’m saying. (attend)

4. ▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank. 1 8 9 TOEFL Reading in sum, due to, were able to, imbalance between, pay attention to 17. Indeed, urban workers who did not experience falling incomes due to the floods were able to have food despite soaring prices. 사실, 홍수로 인한 임금 삭감을 겪지 않은 도시 근로자들은 상승하는 가격에도 불구하고 식량을살 수 있었다. 18. It is an imbalance between what food costs and what hungry people can afford to pay. 기아는 식량의 가격과 배고픈 사람들이 지불할 수 있는 가격의 불균형이다. 19.In sum, it wasn’t the high price of food, nor the low incomes of farm workers that caused famine. 결론적으로, 기아를 일으킨 것은 높은 가격의 식량도, 농장 일꾼들의 낮은 소득도 아니었다. 20. It is also important to pay attention to the distribution of income among rural poor groups. 지방의 빈곤층 사이의 소득 분배에 신경을 쓰는 것 역시 중요하다. 21. The case of Bangladesh famine in 1974 occurred since the incomes of rural workers fell due to flooding when food prices went up simultaneously. 1974 년의 방글라데시 기아는 지방의 근로자들의 수입이 홍수로 인해 줄어 들고 동시에 식량의 가격이 상승했기 때문에 일어났다. * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. specialist [ 전문가 ]2. practical [ 실질적인 ] 3. starvation [ 기아, 굶주림 ]4. shortage [ 부족함 ] 5. adequate [ 적절한 ]6. imbalance [ 불균형 ] 7. income [ 소득 ]8. rural [ 시골의, 지방의 ] 9. flooding [ 홍수, 범람 ]10. simultaneously [ 동시에 ] 11. urban [ 도시의, 도회지의 ]12. soaring [ 급상승하는 ] 13. combination [ 조합 ]14. analysis [ 분석 ] 15. prevent [ 예방하다 ]16. distribution [ 분배 ]

5. ▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. What Causes Famine? Amartya Sen, a specialist in the theory of economic welfare and the practice problems of starvation and famine, is the winner of 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic Science. Born in Bengal, in India in 1933, Sen taught at Trinity College and Cambridge University in the U.K. Sen studied the cause of famine. He found that famine often occurs even when there is no overall shortage of food. Some population groups experience starvation, while others have adequate food supplies. There are also cases in which some regions experiencing famine and starvation export food to other nonfamine areas. According to Sen, famine is not a simple matter of too much population or not enough food. It is an imbalance between what food costs and what hungry people can afford to pay. The case of Bangladesh famine in 1974 occurred since the incomes of rural workers fell due to flooding when food prices went up simultaneously. Families had less income, but famine would not have occurred if the food prices had remained the same. Also, even though the price of food went up, that would not have caused famine if people had had their normal level of incomes. Indeed, urban workers who did not experience falling incomes due to the floods were able to have food despite soaring prices. In sum, it wasn’t the high price of food, nor the low incomes of farm workers that caused famine. It was the combination of lower incomes and higher food prices that created the human disaster of famine in Bangladesh in 1974. Sen’s analysis has many implications regarding the cause of famine. One of them is that famine cannot be prevented just by keeping food prices down. It is also important to pay attention to the distribution of income among rural poor groups. 1 8 9 TOEFL Reading 22. The Bangladesh famine in 1974 was caused by_____ [4] ① several flooding in the region. ② the rise of food prices after the flooding. ③ the Income drop experienced by rural workers after the flood. ④ the combination of higher food prices and lower family incomes after the flooding incident. 23. Research by Sen tells us that _____ [2] ① it is important to keep food prices low, so we can reduce the risk of famine. ② it is important to be aware of the distribution of income among poor rural communities in order to reduce the risk of famine. ③ it is important that cultures control their population to avoid having too many people in an area that cannot supply enough food. ④ famine has many causes, and more research is needed to draw any appropriate conclusions.

6. ☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Complete the sentence. You can change the form of the following words. 1 8 9 TOEFL Reading 24. Which of the following words most closely means the word 'adequate' from the article? [2] ① Shortage ② Sufficient ③ Imbalance ④ Soaring 25. According to the article, what is one of the main causes of famine? [3] ① There is a shortage of food in a given area, so people that live in the area do not have enough food to survive. ② When there is too much of a population in a given area, it is impossible to supply enough food for the people. ③ It is often caused by an imbalance between the cost of food, and the prices hungry people are able to afford to pay. ④ Regions are exporting their foods to make the government money, leaving a shortage of food for people to eat. 26. Research shows that Famine could be prevented by keeping food prices down. [F] 27. High population in poor areas is the determining cause of famine. [T] 28. Famine is often caused by a combination of factors, and often enough, the situation could be avoided. [T] 29. My suggestion is that we form a music band. (suggest) 30. You need to pay attention to what I’m saying. (attend)