1. STAAR Review

2. Usually topic, main idea and details are pertaining to non-fiction Topic – Broad subject of a text Main Idea – What the passage is mainly about (usually more specific than topic) Supporting Details – Facts or other pieces of information that prove the main idea Main Idea & Details

3. Summary – Gives an overview of the main ideas and important details Paraphrase – Putting the information into your own words. Summary v. Paraphrase

4. Fiction – Should include characters, problem and resolution – i.e. In Cheyenne Again, Young Bull is taken to a school where they tried to strip him of his Cheyenne heritage, but he discovered that while they could change the outside of him, they couldn’t change his memories or how he thought of himself. Nonfiction – Includes the main idea and key details. Parts of a Summary

5. Background Knowledge + Text Clues = Inference – Ex. How does Holling feel when he discovers pitures of himself as Ariel papering the school halls? Synonyms include: – What can the reader conclude… – The reader can tell… – Which of the following statements supports the idea… Inference

6. Cause & Effect – One or more things cause another to happen (effect) Sequence of Events – Events reported in the order they happen Problem Solution – A problem is explained along with solution(s). Compare & Contrast – Tells how two or more things are alike (compare) and different (contrast) Description – The topic is described using details. Organization Patterns

7. Characters – Protagonist – The main character – Antagonist – The character that opposes the protagonist – Character Traits – The qualities that make up a character’s appearance and personality – Character Motivation – Why a character does the things he/she does? Ex: Why does the hare take a nap in the middle of the race? Ex: Why doesn’t Gilbert get started on his project right away? Literary Elements

8. Plot – Series of events in a story Conflict – Struggles or problems faced by the main character in the story Resolution – How the conflict was resolved. Foreshadowing – When events occur as part of the plot that hint at events that will occur later. Climax – The most exciting part of the story; the turning point. Literary Elements

9. First Person – use the pronouns I, me, we Second Person – use the pronouns you, your Third Person Limited – Narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of ONLY the main character Third Person Omniscient – Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of ALL characters Point of View

10. Theme – The big idea or meaning of a story (Fiction) Central Idea – The main idea of the entire passage (Nonfiction) Theme/Central Ideas

11. Imagery – vivid and descriptive writing that creates an image in the reader’s mind Sensory Details – details that appeal to the five senses – smell, sight, touch, hearing, taste Imagery/Sensory Details

12. Simile – Compares two things using the words like or as Metaphor – A comparison without using the words like or as Hyperbole – An exaggeration used to make a point – Ex: That was the easiest test in the whole world Personification – Giving human characteristics to something that is not human Figurative Language

13. Verse – a line from poetry Stanza – a group of lines in a poem Rhyme Scheme – the pattern of rhymes in a poem Alliteration – repetition of nearby words that begin with the same letter Onomatopoeia – sound device that uses the words that sound like what they mean. Ex: hiss, boom, crack. Poetry

14. Drama – type of literature that is meant to be performed Acts – parts of a play (may have several scenes) Stage Directions – italicized words that give placement directions or tell an actor how to read a particular line. Cast of Characters – characters included in the play Drama Terms

15. Biography – The true account of a person’s life; written by someone else Autobiography – The true account of the author’s own life Biography

16. Entertain – Telling a story, not trying to inform or convince the reader. – Synonyms – Tell a story…, tell about… Persuade – Trying to influence the reader to think, feel or do something. States a position and included details to support their position. Ask yourself if the author wants you to agree with them. – Synonyms – Convince Inform – Informing about a topic. Uses factual details to support – Synonyms – Explain, Let the reader know Author’s Purpose

17. Facts – Something that can be proven true Opinion – Expresses a writer’s thoughts or point of view Exaggeration – Stretching of the truth to prove a point Contradictory Statements – a claim that is contradicted by other statements – Ex: A character that is crying while saying everything is OK Misleading Statements – Make reader believe something is true when it’s not. Supporting Details

18. Take your time but work efficiently (don’t waste time). Use your strategies – Access prior knowledge – Track your thoughts – Underline key words in the questions – Show your thinking/prove your answers Monitor your Comprehension – Reread if you are confused, unsure or lose meaning – Track your thoughts to stay engaged in the passage Finally