1. Hmong/Mien Aka Miao, Meo/Yao –relations with Han Chinese –persecution, pressures to assimilate Migration into Southeast Asia –S. China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand –association with mountains –Strategy of survival: adaptive mobility Mode of production - mixed –foraging, swidden agriculture –trade in forest products, opium Issues of self-sufficiency, autonomy, mobility Social organization: family, clan Religion: spirits, ancestors, shamans

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=rV-VvtILsNEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=rV-VvtILsNE http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=K9DU-xmGKdo

5. Map of LAos

7. Hmongs from Laos

8. Hmong Tapestry: DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE Traditional embroidered human figures, animals and scenery depicting the Hmong experience such as New Year festivals, the escape from Laos, life in the refugee camps and life in the United States.

9. VIETNAM War l960-75 Fought South Vietnam revolt & North Vietnam; 1-2 million killed in longest U.S. war atomic bomb threats in l968 and l969. Laos: 1971-73 U.S. directs South Vietnamese invasion; "carpet-bombs" countryside, aids Hmong.