1. WORK AND MOTIVATION Responsibility (Employers vs. Employees)

2. What I need is someone who will make me do What I can (Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) American philosopher and poet)

3. FACTORS THAT AFFECT WORK MOTIVATION  individual differences  job characteristics  organisational practises

4. STRATEGIES FOR RAISING JOB SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL)  improving work conditions and security  increasing the worker’s responsibility  providing financial stability  enhancing the worker’s sense of self- worth  providing opportunities for social relationships within the organisation relationships within the organisation

5. Good motivation results in  more productive environment  more productive environment  higher competitiveness  higher competitiveness  higher profitability  higher profitability

6. Employees  like work or or  have to be forced

7. Managers motivate  good remuneration: (salary, commission, bonuses, perks) (salary, commission, bonuses, perks)  sick pay / pension  good working relations  good working conditions  job security / job safety  promotion  challenging job  responsibility  contact with people  opportunities to travel  long holidays / vacations MK: p: 15 – Discussion – Which statements do you agree with?

8. Motivation theories 1. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs” 2. Douglas McGregor: Theory X / Theory Y 3. Frederick Herzberg: The motivation to Work a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers” a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers” b) “ motivators” b) “ motivators”

9. 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

10. 2. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y a) Theory X - traditional approach a) Theory X - traditional approach - people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition - people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition - motivated only by money - motivated only by money - they have to be threatened - they have to be threatened and rewarded/need discipline, control and rewarded/need discipline, control - most people are incapable - most people are incapable of taking responsibility of taking responsibility - managers are authoritarian - managers are authoritarian (direct everything, from the top down) (direct everything, from the top down)

11. 2. Theory Y - more progressive - workers are motivated by - workers are motivated by many needs, they like work many needs, they like work - people can take responsibility - people can take responsibility (prefer to participate in decision- (prefer to participate in decision- making, like autonomy) making, like autonomy) - managers should trust - managers should trust workers and help them do workers and help them do their best, team-oriented, organise their best, team-oriented, organise communication channels and listen to communication channels and listen to their subordinates’ opinions their subordinates’ opinions

12. 3. Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors Needs of workers: a) Satisfiers (hygiene factors/ to keep workers contented: to keep workers contented: - clean, quiet and safe working conditions - clean, quiet and safe working conditions - adequate rest breaks - adequate rest breaks - good labour relations - good labour relations - good wages and benefits - good wages and benefits - job security - job security

13. b) Motivators (encourage to do their best) - praise from managers - praise from managers - career advancement - career advancement - more responsibility - more responsibility (If the hygiene factors are poor then the motivating factors won’t work)

16. Is it true or false? 1.Theory X and Theory Y are theories of leadership. True/False 2.Theory X is more traditional description of management. True/False 3.Theory Y - managers tell workers what they want True/False 4. Theory X - managers are authoritarian. True/False 5. Theory Y - workers are lazy and don’t want to work. True/False 6. For Theory X workers, work is natural. True/False 7. Theory Y working relationships are open, communicative and creative. T/F MK: p: 17 – Comprehension – True or false? 18 - Vocabulary 18 - Vocabulary

18. Complete the three definitions of motivation behaves, drives, effort, outcomes, reach, willingness  Motivation is what ______________ us to try to ____________ certain goals.  Motivation is a decision-making process through which a person chooses desired ____________ and _________in ways that will lead to acquiring them.  Motivation is the _____________to make the __________ to achieve certain goals.

19. Read the following text and answer the questions: 1. What are extrinsic rewards? 2. What are intrinsic rewards related to? 3. What are the four intrinsic rewards? 4. What is the sense of meaningfulness and why is it important?

21.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Uf7C7rr1O8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Uf7C7rr1O8  What motivates staff to perform better in work? 1. __________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________ 7. __________________________________________________