2. WRITE THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: a. C b. Mg c. K

3. WRITE THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: a. C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 b. Mg 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 c. K 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 3 3p 6 4s 1

4. WHAT HAPPENS IN AN IONIC REACTION TO FORM IONIC BONDS?

5. ELECTRONS ARE LOST AND GAINED TO FORM IONS.

6. WHAT ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS?

7. ELECTRONS IN THE OUTERMOST SHELL OF AN ATOM

8. How many valence electrons do the following elements have? Rb B F Se

9. How many valence electrons do the following elements have? Rb - 1 B - 3 F - 7 Se - 6

10. WHY ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS IMPORTANT?

11. VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE THE ELECTRONS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

12. WHAT IS A COVALENT BOND?

13. A COVALENT BOND IS A BOND THAT IS FORMED THROUGH SHARING OF ELECTRONS.

14. WHAT KINDS OF ELEMENTS FORM IONIC BONDS?

15. IONIC BONDS ARE FORMED BETWEEN METALS AND NONMETALS.

16. WHAT KINDS OF ELEMENTS FORM COVALENT BONDS?

17. COVALENT BONDS ARE FORMED BETWEEN NONMETALS.

18. WHAT IS THE PERIODIC LAW?

19. MANY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS TEND TO RECUR IS A SYSTEMATIC MANNER WHEN THE ELEMENTS ARE ARRANGED IN ORDER OF INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER.

20. WHAT IS THE OCTET RULE?

21. THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS THAT CAN OCCUR IN THE OUTER SHELL OF AN ATOM IS 8, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE FIRST SHELL, WHICH IS 2. THIS REPRESENTS A STABLE CONFIGURATION, AND ATOMS FORM BONDS THROUGH LOSS, GAIN, OR SHARING OF ELECTRONS TO OBTAIN THIS CONFIGURATION.

22. WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

23. THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF MATTER AND ITS INTERATIONS.

24. HOW DOES IONIZATION POTENTIAL CHANGE AS YOU MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN A PERIOD? AS YOU MOVE DOWN IN A FAMILY OR GROUP?

25. IONIZATION POTENTIAL INCREASES AS YOU MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN A PERIOD. IONIZATION POTENTIAL DECREASES AS YOU MOVE DOWN IN A FAMILY OR GROUP.

26. WHAT IS IONIZATION POTENTIAL?

27. IT IS THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO REMOVE AN ELECTRON FROM AN ATOM.

28. WHAT IS ELECTRON AFFINITY?

29. THE ENERGY RELEASED WHEN AN ATOM GAINS AN ELECTRON.

30. HOW DOES ELECTRON AFFINITY CHANGE AS YOU MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN A PERIOD?

31. HOW DOES ELECTRON AFFINITY CHANGE AS YOU MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN A PERIOD? AS YOU MOVE DOWN IN A FAMILY? IT INCREASES AS YOU MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN A PERIOD. IT DECREASES AS YOU MOVE DOWN IN A FAMILY.

32. WHAT IS MEANT BY EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE?

33. Z eff = Z - # INNER ELECTRONS IT IS A MEASURE OF THE SHIELDING EFFECT OF INNER ELECTRONS ON THE VALENCE ELECTRONS

34. WHAT IS LIGHT?

35. LIGHT IS A FORM OF ENERGY WITH BOTH WAVE AND PARTICLE PROPERTIES.

36. HOW DOES THE ENERGY OF PHOTONS CHANGE AS YOU GO FROM LONGER WAVELENGTH TO SHORTER WAVELENGTH?

37. AS YOU MOVE TO SHORTER WAVELENGTH, ENERGY PER PHOTON INCREASES.

38. WHAT WOULD BE THE FREQUENCY OF LIGHT WITH A WAVELENGTH OF 420 nm? C = 3 X 10 8 m/s

39. WHAT WOULD BE THE FREQUENCY OF LIGHT WITH A WAVELENGTH OF 420 nm? C = 3 X 10 8 m/s Frequency = 3 x 10 8 / 420 x 10 -9 m = 7.1 x 10 14 hz

40. WHAT IS THE ENERGY PER PHOTON FOR THE 420 nm LIGHT? h = 6.626 x 10 -34 J Energy = h =7.1 x 10 14 x 6.626 x 10 -34 = 4.7 x 10 -19 J

41. THE WAVELENGTH OF VISIBLE LIGHT GOES FROM ______ TO __________ nm.

42. THE WAVELENGTH OF VISIBLE LIGHT GOES FROM _400__ TO ___700____ nm.

43. WHAT TYPE OF MATTER WOULD OMIT BAND OR CONTINUOUS SPECTRA?

44. SOLIDS

45. WHAT TYPE OF MATTER WOULD EMIT OR ABSORB LINE SPECTRA?

46. ATOMS IN THE GASEOUS STATE

47. AS THE TEMPERATURE OF A SOLID INCREASES, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE EMISSION SPECTRUM OF THE SOLID?

48. THE INTENSITY INCREASES, AND THE MAXIMUM WAVELENGTH SHIFTS TO SHORTER WAVELENGTHS.

49. WHAT IS MEANT BY THE DOPPLER EFFECT?

50. LIGHT EMITTED BY AN OBJECT MOVING AWAY FROM YOU WILL SHIFT TO LONGER WAVELENGTHS, AND LIGHT EMITTED BY AN OBJECT MOVING TOWARD YOU WILL BE SHIFTED TO SHORTER WAVELENGTHS. THE AMOUNT OF THE SHIFT WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE SPEED.

51. WHAT IS THE AUFBAU PRINCIPLE?

52. IN ASSIGNING ELECTRONS TO AN ATOM, YOU ASSIGN THE ELECTRONS TO THE LOWEST ENERGY LEVELS FIRST.

53. WHAT ARE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF A METAL?

54. METALS LOSE ELECTRONS IN IONIC REACTIONS TO FORM CATIONS. METALS ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY. METALS ARE SOLIDS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE WITH ONE EXCEPTION. METALS ARE MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE.

55. WHAT ARE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF A NONMETAL? NONMETALS ARE GENERALLY GASES OR BRITTLE SOLIDS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. NONMETALS ARE NOT GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY. NONMETALS GAIN ELECTRONS IN IONIC REACTIONS TO FORM ANIONS.