1. AGB 260: AGRIBUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASIC OPERATORS AND FUNCTIONS

2. USEFUL CHAPTERS IN THE TEXTBOOK REGARDING THIS LECTURE CHAPTER 10: INTRODUCING FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS CHAPTER 11: CREATING FORMULAS THAT MANIPULATE TEXT CHAPTER 12: WORKING WITH DATES AND TIMES CHAPTER 13: CREATING FORMULAS THAT COUNT AND SUM MANY OF THE OTHER FUNCTIONS IN THIS CHAPTER ARE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE BOOK.

3. FORMULAS IN EXCEL AND BASIC OPERATORS WHENEVER YOU ARE STARTING A FUNCTION OR A FORMULA IN EXCEL BY TYPING IT EITHER INTO THE FORMULA BAR OR DIRECTLY INTO THE CELL, YOU NEED TO PUT =, -, OR + SIGN IN FRONT OF IT. WHILE YOU CAN USE ANY OF THE THREE SIGNS, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU USE THE =. BASIC OPERATORS IN EXCEL: LOGICAL: =, >, =, MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS: +, -,*,/, ^ (FOR EXPONENTS), CONCATENATION OPERATOR: &

4. OPERATOR PRECEDENCE ( ) ANYTHING IN PARENTHESIS IS EVALUATED FIRST *, / +, - & =, >, =, >=

5. FORMULA EXAMPLES =1+2+3, =5*(4/2), =10^10 =1=1, =(1=1)*5, =1=1*5 =5&5, =A&2, =“A”&2 =A1+A2, +A$1+$B$1

6. BASIC FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL A FUNCTION IN EXCEL IS A PREPROGRAMMED FORMULA THAT CONTAINS A SET OF ARGUMENTS A FUNCTION CAN HAVE NO ARGUMENTS, E.G., =RAND() ONE ARGUMENT, E.G., =SQRT(VALUE) A FIXED NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS, E.G., =IF(CONDITION,TRUE,FALSE) AN INDETERMINATE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS, E.G., =SUM(VALUE 1, VALUE 2, …) AND/OR OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS E.G., =PMT(RATE,NPER,PV,[FV],[TYPE]. ARGUMENTS ARE TYPICALLY SEPARATED BY COMMAS. WHENEVER AN ARGUMENT IS OPTIONAL, IT IS PLACED IN BRACKETS.

7. QUICK NOTE ON ARGUMENTS USING COLON (:) SUPPOSE YOU HAD THE FOLLOWING FUNCTION: =SUM(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5) ANOTHER WAY OF WRITING THIS IS TO PUT: =SUM(A1:A5) PUTTING A COLON BETWEEN A1 AND A5 TELLS EXCEL TO USE CELLS A1 THROUGH A5. A1:A5 IS KNOWN AS A RANGE OF CELLS. SUPPOSE YOU HAD THE FOLLOWING FUNCTION: =AVERAGE(A1,A2,B1,B2) ANOTHER WAY OF WRITING THIS IS TO PUT: =AVERAGE(A1:B2)

8. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS =COUNT(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…) THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN A RANGE THAT ARE NUMBERS. =COUNTA(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…) THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN A RANGE THAT ARE NOT EMPTY. =COUNTBLANK(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…) THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN A RANGE THAT ARE EMPTY. =SUM(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…) ADDS ALL THE NUMBERS IN A RANGE OF CELLS. =SUMPRODUCT(ARRAY1,[ARRAY2],[ARRAY3],…) RETURNS THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS.

9. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =MAX(NUMBER1,[NUMBER2],…) GIVES YOU THE LARGEST NUMBER IN A RANGE OF NUMBERS WHILE IGNORING LOGICAL VALUES AND TEXT. =LARGE(ARRAY,K) PROVIDES THE K-TH LARGEST VALUE IN A DATASET WHICH CAN BE KNOWN AS AN ARRAY. =MIN(NUMBER1,[NUMBER2],…) GIVES YOU THE SMALLEST NUMBER IN A RANGE OF NUMBERS WHILE IGNORING LOGICAL VALUES AND TEXT. =SMALL(ARRAY,K) PROVIDES THE K-TH SMALLEST VALUE IN A DATASET WHICH CAN BE KNOWN AS AN ARRAY.

10. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =RANK.AVG(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER]) GIVES YOU THE RANKING OF A NUMBER FROM A SET OF REFERENCE NUMBERS WHERE IF TWO OR MORE NUMBERS TIE THEN IT WILL AVERAGE THEIR RANKINGS. ORDER IS AN OPTIONAL ARGUMENT SET TO 0 IF YOU WANT THE RANKING IN TERMS OF DESCENDING ORDER AND 1 IF YOU WANT THE ASCENDING ORDER. =RANK.EQ(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER]) GIVES YOU THE RANKING OF A NUMBER FROM A SET OF REFERENCE NUMBERS WHERE IF TWO OR MORE NUMBERS TIE THEN IT WILL GIVE THEM THE SAME RANKING. ORDER IS AN OPTIONAL ARGUMENT. =RANK.EQ(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER]) THIS IS A BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE FUNCTION FOR EXCEL 2007 AND BEFORE AND WORKS LIKE =RANK.EQ(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER]).

11. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =AVERAGE(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…) GIVES THE AVERAGE OF THE RANGE OF CELLS. =MEDIAN(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…) GIVES THE MEDIAN OF THE RANGE OF CELLS. =SQRT(NUMBER) RETURNS THE SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER. =CONCATENATE(TEXT1,[TEXT2],…) JOINS TEXT STRINGS TOGETHER. YOU CAN USE & IN MUCH THE SAME WAY.

12. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =TODAY() RETURNS THE CURRENT DATE. =DAY(SERIAL_NUMBER) RETURNS THE DAY OF THE MONTH FROM A GIVEN DATE. =MONTH(SERIAL_NUMBER) RETURNS THE MONTH FROM A GIVEN DATE IN TERMS OF A NUMBER FROM 1 TO 12. =YEAR(SERIAL_NUMBER) RETURNS THE YEAR FROM A GIVEN DATE. =DATE(YEAR,MONTH,DAY) RETURNS THE NUMBER THAT REPRESENTS A GIVEN DATE.

13. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =WEEKDAY(SERIAL_NUMBER,[RETURN_TYPE]) THIS RETURNS A NUMBER FOR THE DAY OF THE WEEK, WHICH CAN BE CUSTOMIZED FOR WHAT THE NUMBER MEANS, E.G., 1=SUNDAY, 2 =MONDAY, ETC. =NETWORKDAYS(START_DATE,END_DATE,[HOLIDAYS]) PROVIDES YOU WITH THE NUMBER OF WORKDAYS BETWEEN TO DATES WITH THE ABILITY TO CUSTOMIZE THE HOLIDAYS.

14. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =MOD(NUMBER,DIVISOR) RETURNS THE REMAINDER FROM DIVIDING A NUMBER BY A DIVISOR. HOW COULD THIS BE USEFUL TO YOU? =ROUND(NUMBER,NUM_DIGITS) ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS. =ROUNDUP(NUMBER,NUM_DIGITS) ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS AWAY FROM ZERO. =ROUNDDOWN(NUMBER,NUM_DIGITS) ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS TOWARDS ZERO.

15. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =LEN(TEXT) THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN A TEXT STRING. =LEFT(TEXT,[NUM_CHARS]) RETURNS A DESIGNATED NUMBER OF CHARACTERS FROM THE BEGINNING OF A TEXT STRING, WITH THE DEFAULT BEING ONE. =RIGHT(TEXT,[NUM_CHARS]) RETURNS A DESIGNATED NUMBER OF CHARACTERS FROM THE END OF A TEXT STRING, WITH THE DEFAULT BEING ONE.

16. USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT. =VALUE(TEXT) CHANGES TEXT TO A NUMBER VALUE. =TEXT(VALUE,[FORMAT_TEXT]) THIS TAKES A VALUE AND FORMATS IN A PARTICULAR STYLE OF TEXT. =ROW([REFERENCE]) RETURNS THE ROW NUMBER OF A DESIGNATED CELL. IF IT IS LEFT EMPTY, THEN IT GIVES THE ROW NUMBER THAT THE FORMULA IS IN. =COLUMN([REFERENCE]) RETURNS THE COLUMN NUMBER OF A DESIGNATED CELL. IF IT IS LEFT EMPTY, THEN IT GIVES THE ROW NUMBER THAT THE FORMULA IS IN.

17. INVESTIGATE FUNCTIONS USING CARRIER SURVEY OPEN CARRIERSURVEY-1-110310-CLASSEXAMPLE.XLSX IN CLASS WE WILL WORK THROUGH EXAMINING THIS SURVEY USING THE FUNCTIONS DISCUSSED ABOVE.