1. Social Psychology

2. The branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in social situations

3. Social influence

4. The study of the effects of situational factors and other people on an individual’s behavior

5. Person perception

6. The mental processes we use to form judgments and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of others

7. Social norms

8. The “rules,” or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation

9. Attribution

10. The mental process of inferring the causes of people’s behavior, including one’s own. Also refers to the explanation made for a particular behavior

11. Fundamental attribution error

12. The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors; an attribution bias that is common in individualistic cultures

13. Blaming the victim

14. The tendency to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid it or prevent it

15. Just-world hypothesis

16. The assumption that the world is fair and hence, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

17. Actor-observer discrepancy

18. The tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to external, situational causes, while attributing the behavior of others to internal, personal causes; especially likely to occur with regard to behaviors that lead to negative outcomes

19. Self-serving bias

20. The tendency to attribute successful outcomes of one’s own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external, situational causes

21. Attitude

22. A learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way; such evaluations may be positive, negative, or ambivalent

23. Cognitive dissonance

24. An unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal (dissonance) that occurs when two thoughts or perceptions (cognitions) are inconsistent; typically results from the awareness that attitudes and behavior are in conflict

25. Prejudice

26. A negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group

27. Stereotype

28. A cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a special social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group

29. In-group

30. A social group to which one belo ngs

31. Out-group

32. A social group to which one does not belong

33. Out-group homogeneity effect

34. The tendency to see members of out-groups as very similar to one another

35. In-group bias

36. The tendency to judge the behavior of in-group members favorably and out-group members unfavorably

37. Ethnocentrism

38. The belief that one;s own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others and the related tendency to use one;s own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures

39. Social influence

40. The study of the effects of situational factors and other people on an individual’s behavior

41. Conformity

42. The tendency to adjust one’s behavior attitudes, or beliefs to group norms in response to real or imagines group pressure

43. Normative social influence

44. Behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval

45. Informational social influence

46. Behavior that is motivated by the desire to be correct

47. Obedience

48. The performance of an action in response to the direct orders of an authority or person of higher status

49. Altruism

50. Helping another person with no expectation of personal reward or benefit

51. Prosocial behavior

52. Any behavior that helps another, whether the underlying motive is self-serving or selfless

53. Bystander effect

54. The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress

55. Diffusion of responsibility

56. The phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene is shared among all the onlookers

57. Social loafing

58. The tendency to expend less effort on a task when it is a group effort

59. Social facilitation

60. The tendency for the presence of other people to enhance individual performance

61. Deindividution

62. The reduction of self-awareness and inhibitions that can occur when a person is part of a group whose members feel anonymous

63. Persuasion

64. The deliberate attempt to influence the attitudes or behavior of another person in a situation in which that person has some freedom of choice

65. Solomon Asch ( )

66. American social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity

67. John M. Darley (b. 1938)

68. Contemporary American social psychologist who, along with co-researcher Bibb Latane, is best known for his pioneering studies of bystander intervention in emergency situations

69. Bibb Latane (b.1937)

70. Contemporary American social psychologist wh, along with co-researcher John Darley, is best known for his pioneering studies of bystander intervention in emergency situations

71. Stanley Milgram ( )

72. American social psychologist who is best known for his controversial series of studies investigating destructive obedience to an authority

73. Muzafer Sherif ( )

74. American social psychologist who is best known for his Robbers Cave experiments to study prejudice, conflict resolution, and group processes