1. University of Virginia Wireless Sensor Networks August, 2006 University of Virginia Jack Stankovic

2. University of Virginia Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors Actuators CPUs/Memory Radio Minimal capacity 1000s Self-organize

3. University of Virginia Mica2 and Mica2Dot ATMega 128L 8-bit, 8MHz, 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash Chipcon CC100 multichannel radio (Manchester encoding, FSK). Up to 500-1000ft. Reality 50-100 feet when on the ground!

4. University of Virginia Sensor Board

5. University of Virginia Sensor Board

6. University of Virginia Exciting Potential The Internet Gets Physical “Sensing technologies will be one of the hallmarks of this century” 1980 => decade of microcomputers 1990 => decade of the Internet 2000 => decade of WSN

7. University of Virginia Application Spectrum

8. University of Virginia Applications/Testbeds VigilNet – Military surveillance, tracking and classification AlarmNet – Assisted Living and Residential Monitoring Network Environmental Science

9. University of Virginia 1. An unmanned plane (UAV) deploys motes 2. Motes establish an sensor network with power management 3.Sensor network detects vehicles and wakes up the sensor nodes Zzz... Energy Efficient Surveillance System Sentry

10. University of Virginia VigilNet Architecture

11. University of Virginia Demo System Layout 2 0 1 Tent 200 XSM Motes 3 Bases (Tripwires) 300 by 200 Meters in T-shape Inter-tripwire communication Via 802.11 wireless LAN 300 meters, 30 motes each line, 4 non-uniform lines 200M200M

12. University of Virginia Results of Actual Test

13. University of Virginia Overview of Demo Scenarios Tracking multiple targets (people, vehicles, and then people and vehicles) –3 crossing people –Vehicle followed by person –2 vehicles following each other about 50 meters apart –Large versus small vehicles –People and people with weapons Fault Tolerance/Robustness –Kill 20% of the nodes –Kill base stations

14. University of Virginia For related other publications: www.cs.umn.edu/~tianhe Florida

15. University of Virginia C&C Mote Field N 300M by 200 M T shape Berkeley

16. University of Virginia Spotlight - Localization μSpotlight (projector, Mica2 motes, laptop) – DEMO at ACM/IEEE IPSN 05 Spotlight (telescope mount, diode laser, XSM motes, laptop) (Sent to Berkeley) Demo at upcoming SenSys 2005

17. University of Virginia Sentry-Based Power Management (SBPM) Two classes of nodes: sentries and non-sentries – Sentries are awake – Non-sentries can sleep Sentries – Provide coarse monitoring & backbone communication network – Sentries “wake up” non-sentries for finer sensing Sentry rotation – Even energy distribution – Prolong system life 1 4 3 2

18. University of Virginia Tripwire-based Surveillance Partition sensor network into multiple sections. Turn off all the nodes in dormant sections. Apply sentry-based power management in tripwire sections Periodically, sections rotate to balance energy. Road Dormant Active DormantActive Dormant

19. University of Virginia Lifetime Analysis Network Life Time Number of Tripwires (10 regions, 30% sentry, 7 day life) 4321 2 AA Batteries50 days70 days105 days210 days 4 AA Batteries100 days140 days210 days420 days

20. University of Virginia Internet Scale WSN Internet Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Programming Station Server Nodes

21. University of Virginia System Architecture Internet Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Programming Station Server Nodes Information about Services, Interfaces Location

22. University of Virginia System Architecture Internet Programming Station Server Nodes Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol High level Programming Language EXE High Level Virtual Machine High Level Virtual Machine Low Level Virtual Machine Low Level Virtual Machine

23. University of Virginia System Architecture Internet Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Programming Station Server Nodes Responsible for Resource management User access rights

24. University of Virginia System Architecture Internet Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Programming Station Server Nodes Omnix Physical Network Omnix Physical Network The Physicalnet

25. University of Virginia Medical System Architecture InternetInternet Internet PDAs Nurses Stations

26. University of Virginia

27. Smart Living Health Spaces

28. University of Virginia Research Questions Flexible and Dynamic Privacy Security Form factors for sensor nodes –Unobtrusiveness Mobility –Routing for 2 mobile end points Localization In-network preliminary diagnoses Define and meet real-time requirements including alarms Power Management Data Association

29. University of Virginia Summary - Research Approach Fundamental and Important Problems –Not incremental Application Driven –Military –Medical –Environmental Experimental Systems Research Build Testbeds and Real Systems

30. University of Virginia Summary - Our Research Areas Wireless Networking Realities Localization Real-Time Hardware Privacy Security The crowded spectrum - Multi-frequency systems OS for WSN Spatial Temporal Systems

31. University of Virginia Our Research Areas Power Management Analysis Programming Languages –Across networks of networks Acoustic Streaming and other High Level Services Real-Time Data Sharing Self-Healing Data Association Auto-calibration Pervasive Computing

32. University of Virginia Research Partners CMU UIUC Harvard Univ. of Minnesota Berkeley UVA Medical School