1. RFID: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Computers in Libraries 2011 Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Feb 20, 2011

2. Summary  As libraries consider investments in RFID-based equipment, such as selfcheck stations, anti-theft systems, automated material handling, or inventory control, it’s vital to have a solid understanding of the technology, standards, and best practices. Breeding gives an overview of the technology, some interesting applications enabled by RFID and addresses the issues and controversies brewing on the topic.

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Lib-web-cats Technology Profile

5. Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products

6. Lib-web-cats tech profile

7. Purdue Self-check

8. Salt Lake Public Library Self Check

9. Stockholm Public Self-check

10. Self-check

11. Automated Returns

12. Gentofte Patron Checkout and Returns

13. Gentofte Public Library

14. Gentofte Book Stacks

15. Gentofte RFID-checkout

16. Gentofte Return

17. Automated Sorting

18. Stockholm public library sorting system

19. Stockholm Public Return

20. Stockholm Public Book Return

21. UNLV Staff RFID Station

22. UNLV RFID Wands

23. UNLF Automated storage

24. UNLV Automated Storage Barcode

25. Basics  Tag the Collection  Self-Check  Automated materials handling of returns  Anti-theft  RFID for both circulation and security  Hybrid systems use electro-magnetic strips for security

26. Manufacturing library RFID Tags PV Supa / IconPrint Copenhagen, Denmark

27. Finished RFID Tags

28. RFID chip

29. RFID vs Barcodes  Both uniquely identify materials in library collection  Lifespan of barcode: forever  Lifespan of RFID tags  Active: 10 years  Passive: much longer  Self-service and AMH work with either barcodes or RFID tags  Additional capabilities through RFID

30. Major companies  3M  Bibliotheca RFID  CheckPoint  PV Supa  VTLS  Tech Logic  Integrated Technology Group  Intellident

31. Relevant Standards and Protocols  Connections with ILS  SIP2  Standard Interchange Protocol, Version 2  NCIP  NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol

32. SIP Version 3?  3m Announced in March 2010 that it would lead an initiative to develop a new version of SIP

33. RFID vs Barcodes  All automation functions work with multiple collection identifying mechanisms – Barcode and RFID  Additional features and efficiencies possible with RIFD  Very high volume  Multi-item checkouts

34. Beyond inventory control  2CCQR – Major UK RFID Vendor  Wundarwall – intelligent display system for promoting library materials  Automatically generates dynamic presentation of enhanced content for each item placed on the display shelves

35. 2CCQR Wundarwall

36. Intellident smartBlade  Smart shelves that automatically detect items out of place or missing  Help users by showing exact location of a needed item  Implemented by Biomedical Sciences Library in Cardiff University

37. Cost components for RFID  Self-Check equipment  Tags for each inventory item  Specialized tag products for DVD and other media products  Personnel costs for tagging collections  Integration modules for integrated library system

38. Automated Materials Handling  Reduce manual labor involved in book returns  Check in materials and process exception conditions  Overdue  Requests or holds  Sorting systems – Get items ready for reshelving

39. Inventory Control  Scan shelves to identify items out of place or missing  Barcodes – touch each item  RFID – sweep shelves with scanner

40. Short term vs Long Term  Many libraries need help to reduce costs and meet demand in the short term  Longer term concern for shifts toward e-books

41. Personnel impact  RFID deployments can reduce personnel involvement in routine circulation functions  Capital investment in equipment vs ongoing personnel costs  Reduce repetitive motion injuries  Decrease personnel to recoup equipment costs  Redeploy personnel to gain added value with customers  Example: Genofte library in Denmark

42. Stability of RFID  Technologies will change over time  Generational changes expected  Standards help ensure compatibility

43. Academic vs Public  RFID appropriate for collections with higher turnover  Phase in tags for initial deployment and subsequent transitions  Difficult match for large collections with limited circulation and limited turnover

44. Privacy and security  Concern that non-library RFID equipment can be used to violate library patron privacy  Do not encode bibliographic information on tags: only unique identifiers neutral to content

45. Standards  Physical tag characteristics  High Frequency: 13.56MHz  Data models for encoding tags

46. Why the need for an RFID data standard  Avoids vendor lock-in and obsolescence  Allows tags to be used in multi-library resource sharing  Consortium – regional – national

47. RFID in the United Kingdom  Struggle with standards  Selection of variable-length data model  ISO 28560 -2  RFID Alliance  3M, 2CQR, Axiell, Bibliotheca, DTech, Intellident, and Plescon Security Products  Controversies regarding compliance

48. ISO 28560 – 3-part International Standard for RFID in Libraries  Part 1 – Specifies general model and data elements, security and privacy guidelines, physical characteristics and placement on materials  Part 2 – data model and encoding rules with variable- length encoding The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable format data.  Part 3 – data model and encoding rules with fixed-length encoding ISO 28560-3:2011 specifies the rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560-1 into a basic block, and other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag.

49. Convergent Software  ISO 28560-2 Planning and Modeling software  select and arrange data elements and encoding these on a simulated tag  ISO 28560-2 Quality Control software  fully compliant decoder with the additional function of diagnostic software that identifies encoding errors  ISO 28560-2 Comprehensive software  combines the functionality of the planning software and the quality control software products with our Data Editor tool

50. Conformity with Standards  Look for vendors to make announcements regarding plans to produce and offer retrospective support for standards  Challenge for libraries that have already made investments in pre-standard products  Reprogram Tags? Re-tag collections?

51. Current issue: 3M vs. EnvisionWare  3M and 3M Innovative Properties Co. filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court for the District of Minnesota today against EnvisionWare Inc. seeking injunctive relief and damages for infringement. The suit alleges that EnvisionWare’s sale of library systems, including self-service circulation systems and handheld RFID library systems, constitutes infringement of 3M’s patents.  June 23, 2009  Case: 0:09-cv-01594-ADM-FLN

52. The Shrinking LMS  The Library Management System no longer stands as the single library automation product that provides comprehensive support for all aspects of library operations.  Many libraries putting much less emphasis on LMS  Manages workflows related to physical materials  Investments in electronic content increasing  Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS

53. …shrinking LMS  Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less.  Proliferation of automation products needed to handle all aspects of libraries can overwhelm many libraries  Libraries lack technical personnel and needed capital to purchase and manage multiple systems

54. Legacy LMS Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

55. ` Legacy ILS Model / API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores Application Programming Interfaces

56. Legacy ILS Model / protocol Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH Self-Check Interlibrary Loan System Interlibrary Loan System

57. Legacy ILS Model / External API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH External Systems & Services Flexible Interoperability

58. Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Management System Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems

59. ILS as Middleware  Integrated library system provides strategic core of automation  Less involved with end-user contact  Discovery for Web-based collection discovery and user services  Self-service stations for loans and returns  Smart-card and payment systems

60. RFID & LMS  Can RFID deliver value beyond self-check and AMH?  Need enhanced interoperability models  Leverage existing standards and API’s in the same way that the ILS-DI protocols provided needed support to connect LMS and Discovery products  Provide comprehensive automation model that helps libraries improve service and increase value to their communities

61. NISO Resources  RFID in Libraries (Dec 2007)  http://www.niso.org/publications/rp/RP-6-2008.pdf

62. Opportunity for additional in-depth information  NISO Two-Part Webinar: RFID Systems in Libraries  PART I: RFID Systems in Libraries: An Introduction  http://www.niso.org/news/events/2011/nisowebinars/ rfidpartone/ http://www.niso.org/news/events/2011/nisowebinars/ rfidpartone/  April 13, 2011  PART II: Standards for RFID Systems in Libraries  April 20, 2011

63. Resources and Experts  RFID Blog (UK oriented)  http://www.libraryrfid.co.uk/ http://www.libraryrfid.co.uk/  Created by Mick Fortune

64. Questions and discussion