1. ZachMarilinSophiaVictor AlexChris Gaby Julian AnnahiDaisyCrystalCarlos Ashley Brennan DylanEsme JordynJacobJas Hannah RileyOdom Selena Scotty LuisJeskaJesica DOOR MR. CATER’S DESK

2. DISCUSS WITH L.P. A woman was shown into a large room which contained over a thousand flowers. She was told that all but one of the flowers were artificial. She had to identify the real flower, but she could not examine the flowers closely nor smell them. She was alone in the room. What did she do to identify the single flower? Clues: She got some help. No other person was involved.

3. 30 seconds to take care of your business

4. Suggested text of the day Group MMS Men Women People Pickin some flowers today

5. signal After you hear the bell, you have 5 seconds to… … achieve silence … look me in the eyes … remain silent until I give instructions

6. REACT !!!!!

7. R.E.A.C.T. R espect everyone E nter and exit appropriately A ccept responsibility C ooperate with everyone T ake action

8. An answer: She opened the window so a bee could fly in. The bee went to the real flower.

9. FIELD TRIP: APRIL 17 – THRUSDAY FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY CENTER AT TEXAS STATE Be here at 9:00 am

10. YouTube Video pollen from trees making...me...sneeze!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiC0k4KtP9g As you watch the video, think about: 1)Why is this guy sneezing? 2)Why is Mr. Cater showing us this video in our Forensic Science class?

11. ALLERGIES When I was at UT, one of my biology professors defined an allergy as…

12. ALLERGIES When I was at UT, one of my biology professors defined an allergy as… “An inappropriate immune response”

13. Turn to your learning partner and discuss the meaning of that statement: “An inappropriate immune response”

14. Uses of pollen: 1) Making you sneeze 2) Solving crimes

15. Forensic palynology The study of pollen and spore evidence to solve crimes

16. I have already written a quiz for this unit!

17. YOUR QUIZ DATE: 2 nd : Tuesday April 8 5 th: Wednesday April 9

18. There will be no daily grades for this unit

19. I am designing the daily work to support your success on the quiz

20. In other words: If you put forth 100% effort on the daily work, you will do fine on the quiz

21. Objective: Collect pollen evidence to determine the pollen fingerprint at crockett high school

22. D I Y P C DO IT YOURSELF POLLEN COLLECTION

23. Each person will need: 1 index card 1 pair of scissors 1 piece of packing tape 1 piece of string Obtain your materials

24. Cut a large rectangle out of the index card, leaving just the outside edges. Make sure the edges are still large enough to write on. STEP 1

25. Write your name, class period, and date on the border of your index card. STEP 2

26. Tie the string to the “border” of the card STEP 3

27. Put the packing tape across the rectangular hole – the sticky part should be open to the air STEP 4

28. Follow me outside so we can 1)Place our pollen collectors 2)Collect some flowers STEP 5

29. Stop and write - How much pollen do you expect to catch? - How should we analyze the pollen? What instruments or techniques should we use? - How do you think pollen collected here differs from pollen in El Paso? - How would pollen collected in the fall differ from pollen collected in the spring?

30. Pollen fingerprint: 4 essential parts 1 2 3 4

31. Pollen fingerprint: 4 essential parts 1 number of pollen grains 2 3 4

32. Pollen fingerprint: 4 essential parts 1 number of pollen grains 2 type of pollen grains 3 4

33. Pollen fingerprint: 4 essential parts 1 number of pollen grains 2 type of pollen grains 3 found in a certain area 4

34. Pollen fingerprint: 4 essential parts 1 number of pollen grains 2 type of pollen grains 3 found in a certain area 4 at a particular time of year

35. Pollen fingerprint: Who cares? Forensic playnologists, because a pollen fingerprint can link a piece of evidence to a particular place and time.

36. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 36 DIRECT TEACH – TAKE NOTES Distinguish between pollen and spores Define a pollen fingerprint Classify the different organisms that produce pollen and spores Compare and contrast the female and male reproductive parts in plants Distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms All Rights Reserved South-Western / Cengage Learning © 2012, 2009

37. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 37 More learning objectives Summarize the different methods of pollination and their relevance in solving crimes Identify the different ways spores are dispersed State characteristics of pollen and spores that are important for forensic studies Summarize how pollen and spore evidence is collected at a crime scene Describe how pollen and spore samples are analyzed and evaluated

38. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 38 Introduction Forensic palynology—a specialized field that studies pollen and spore evidence Pollen and spores are microscopic reproductive structure that have resistant structures Pollen—contains the male gametes of seed plants Spores—found in certain protists, algae, plants and fungi

39. An example from the abstract of a scientific paper

40. Abstract Part 1 Two male intruders entered a house in which the sole female occupant slept having left the back door unlocked for the return of her live-in boyfriend. She awoke and saw strangers in her bedroom. The intruders ran off, one leaving a jacket behind on the kitchen floor. One of the intruders subsequently returned to recover his jacket, but in his rush to leave the house he brushed against a flowering Hypericum bush growing just outside the back door. A suspect was arrested later that day and charged with indecent assault on a female and burglary, but denied any involvement and refused to name any associate.

41. Abstract Part 2 A day following the offence the suspect's clothes were taken for forensic examination. Pollen analysis of selected parts of his clothing showed that his track pants contained 14% Hypericum pollen, denim jacket 24%, and polo shirt 27.5%. Traces of Hypericum pollen occurred on other items. Most of these pollen grains still had their cell contents preserved and were on the clothing in clumps consistent with having recently been collected by the clothing and not having been aerially dispersed. The pollen from the Hypericum bush was identical in colour, shape, development, and size range to the pollen from the clothing. The clothes had so much Hypericum pollen on them that they had to have been in direct and intimate contact with a flowering bush.

42. Abstract part 3 Pollen evidence is by its nature circumstantial and often cannot be used on its own to convict, or more strictly to determine the truth. The suspect may have been in contact with Hypericum elsewhere, but detailed investigations indicated that this was unlikely. In 30 years of New Zealand forensic work Hypericum had only ever been found on clothing in trace amounts. This is but one way in which forensic palynology can assist law enforcement agencies to determine the history behind a criminal action, and demonstrates that forensic palynology should be considered as an integral part of any criminal investigation.

43. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 43 Introduction Pollen and spore analysis entails Locard’s Principle of Exchange Pollen and spores can help determine: – whether a body was moved – a crime’s location—in a city or in the country – the season

44. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 44 Pollen-Producing Plants Pollen fingerprint—the number and type of pollen grains found in a geographic area at a particular time of year Non-seed plants – SPORES – ferns, mosses, liverworts, and horsetails Seed plants – POLLEN – gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers) – angiosperms (flowering plants)

45. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 45 Gymnosperms Gymnosperms are the oldest seed plants Conifers are the largest group Seeds are contained in hard, scaly structures called cones The male cones pollinate the female cones Which cone is female and which is male?

46. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 46 Angiosperms —Flowering Plants The most recent plant group to evolve Produce seeds in an enclosed fruit Very diverse group (includes corn, oaks, maples, and the grasses) Pistil—female part Stamen—male part Identify the parts in this illustration

47. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 47 Angiosperms —Flowering Plants – identify these parts on your flower Is your flower MALE, FEMALE, or BOTH ?

48. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 48 Types of Pollination Pollination—the transfer of pollen from the male part of a plant to the female part of a seed plant Self-pollination—pollen transfers from an anther to the stigma within the same flower, as in pea plants Cross-pollination—pollen transfers between two distinct plants

49. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 49 Types of Pollination

50. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 50 Types of Pollination Pollen of self-pollinating plants – Rarely encountered – Lower value in forensic studies Pollen can be carried by – Wind – Animals – Water Wind-born pollen is less effective – Potentially long distances

51. LET’S LOOK AT SOME POLLEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE YA’LL

52. Sprinkle some pollen from your flowers onto a pollen catcher

53. Look up a pollen picture to find out what you’re looking for.

54. In your notebook, draw a picture of pollen you observe under the microscope. Also write a description what the pollen looks like. Then, compare your drawing/ and description with others. 15 minutes

55. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 55 Spore Producers Spore producers include – Certain protists (algae) – Plants – Fungi – Bacteria Bacterial spores, endospores include diseases such as anthrax and botulism Spore advantages – Spores can be grown to increase sample size – Identifiable with certainty

56. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 56 Spore Dispersal Algae disperse spores into water or air Potentially large dispersal range reduces value in investigations Explain how mushroom spores are released into the wind

57. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 57 Pollen and Spore Identification in Solving Crimes Exine – Outer shell of a pollen grain and spore – Microscopes reveal complex and unique structures – Identification provides potential trace Angiosperm pollen grains Gymnosperm pollen grains

58. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 58 Finding Pollen and Spores

59. 59 Collecting Pollen and Spores Control and evidence samples must be collected When collecting samples: – Wear gloves – Use clean tools – Place in sterile containers, sealed and labeled – Secure and establish a chain of custody Sampling instruments must be clean or new

60. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 60 Analyzing Pollen and Spore Samples Pollen and spores are chemically extracted from samples Tools specialists use to examine and identify include: – compound light microscope – scanning electronic microscope (SEM) – reference collections (photos, illustrations, dried specimens) Pollen and spore evidence—collected, analyzed, and interpreted—can be presented in court

61. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 61.............. Summary.... Forensic palynology can indicate something about the geographic origin and the time or season of a crime. Spores and pollen can be dispersed by wind, by water, or by animals. Pollen from insect-pollinated plants tends to give more specific location data than from wind-pollinated plants.

62. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5 62.................. Summary Pollen collected at a crime scene must include baseline samples from the area for comparison. Collection of pollen and spore evidence must be performed carefully to avoid contamination.

63. Reflect What was the most interesting thing you learned today? Think about it silently for 30 seconds, then stand up and share with your learning partner. Sit down when you are done.