1. The Immune System Part 3

2. What Could Go Wrong? A. Immune Deficiency Disorder B. Hypersensitivity Disorder C. Autoimmune Disorder D. Immunoproliferative Disorder

3. Hypersensitivity Reactions While it is clear that immune responses serve as a protective and adaptive function, they may also prove to be damaging to the host tissue.

4. Hypersensitivity Body finds pollen or other substances antigenic triggering antibody production Antigen/antibody complexing occurs on mast cells Mast cells release histamines that cause allergies Histamines trigger inflammation due to antigen and/or antibody complexing

5. Hypersensitivity Treatment for Allergies 1. Environmental Control 2. Food elimination diet 3. Steroids 4. Antihistamines 5. Immunotherapy

6. I. Type I- Anaphalactic Reactions (Atopic*) Allergens 1. Inhaled 2. Ingested- food & drugs 3. Skin Contact Outcomes (may be localized or generalized) 1. Allergic Rhinitis 2. Asthma 3. Atopic Dermatitis

7. Treatment (avoidance of allergen) 1. Immunotherapy 2. Antihistamines 3. Corticosteroids Anaphylaxis (generalized) 1. Signs 2. Examples a. Drugs (penicillin) reactions b. Insect bites c. Treatment

8. More Atopic Conditions Condition Commonly Associated Allergens Urticaria-angioedema Insect bites Food allergies Gastrointestinal Allergy Food Allergy (cereals, milk, eggs, shellfish, fruit) Drug hypersensitivities Serum sickness syndrome Drugs, especially penicillin

9. Atopic Conditions Condition Commonly Associated Allergens Anaphylaxis Heterologous antisera Vaccines Iodinated radiographic material Allergic rhinitisInhalants (spores, pollens, animal dander) Extrinsic asthma Mold spores

10. Atopic or Allergic Reactions

11. Autoimmunity - Auto allergy Diseases that result from antibodies or immune cells produces by the host that react with some of the host’s own antigens. May be in serum or a particular cell type

12. Autoimmune Disorders The body cannot distinguish between self and non- self external factors The body begins to destroy itself The body begins to produce antibodies against it’s own normal cells The disorders are destructive with little treatment Women are more susceptible Examples: 1. Multiple Sclerosis--Attacks lining of CNS 2. Type I Diabetes--Attacks Beta cells 3. Systemic Lupus--Attacks DNA, body kills itself

13. Organ Specific Multiple Sclerosis 150,000 in the U. S. Appears as a genetic & environmental determiner Demyelinization of the sheath of CNS nerves

14. Organ Specific Myasthenia Gravis Breakdown of conduction @ neuromuscular junction 85% of victims show anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibodies (Incidence) = 5 / 100,000 (F) = 30 yr olds (M) = 70 yr olds 1. Clinical Features 2. Pathogenesis 3. Treatment 4. Prognosis

15. Generalized Rheumatoid Arthritis Scleroderma Systemic Lupus