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Determination of the optimal timing and number of ridgings to control ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in organically produced soyabean Maryse Leblanc.

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Presentation on theme: "Determination of the optimal timing and number of ridgings to control ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in organically produced soyabean Maryse Leblanc."— Presentation transcript:

1 Determination of the optimal timing and number of ridgings to control ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in organically produced soyabean Maryse Leblanc Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada Daniel Cloutier, Pierre-Antoine Gil bert EWRS 9 th Workshop : Physical and Cultural Weed Control Samsun, Turkey

2 QUÉBEC (7,7 million) Francophones CANADA (33,7 million) Saint - Hyacinthe

3 Outline Introduction -biology -problematic Objectives Methodology -modification of the inter-row weeder Experimental results Conclusion

4 Introduction COMMON RAGWEED Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Annual dicotyledonous Pubescent, 1.5 m high Monoecious (having separate male flowers and female flowers on the same plant) Indigenous in Canada 3000 seeds/plant Some seeds remain viable for 40 years (usually 10-12 years)

5 Problematic Cause respiratory allergies that affect 10-15% of the population

6 Problematic A few plants on row escape cultivations and: Continue to grow Become higher than soyabean Flower and produce pollen = allergies Produce viable seeds which fall down on soil and increase weed seed bank Make harvesting difficult and decrease seed quality Stain soyabean seeds because ragweed plants are still green at harvest time

7 Objectives Determine the effect of ridging on ragweed control and soyabean yield Determine the optimal timing to build the ridge Determine the effect of ridging once compared with ridging two, three or four times

8 Methodology Soil type: Clay loam Preceding crop: Soyabean Fertilization:None Soyabean variety:S10-B7 Seeding date: 2009: 20/5, 2010: 18/5 Seeding rate: 517000 seeds/ha Seeding depth: 3,8 cm Row spacing:0,76 cm

9 Methodology Controls: - Weedy check - Hand weeded check Conventional cultivation (except controls) : Plots cultivated 3 x: - 2-3 flex-tine harrowings - 1 inter-row cultivation

10 Flex-tine harrow → 2-3 times Speed: 6 km/h Dates: 20092010 June 5 (cotyledons)May 27 (unifoliate) June 14,18 (unifoliate)June 8 (1 st trifoliate) Hatzenbichler

11 Inter-row weeder with S-tines→ 1 x Speed: 7 km/h Dates:20092010 June 22 (1 st trifoliate)June 15 (2 nd trifoliate) Vicon RT 2100

12 2010: With harrow discs mounted to pull soil away from the row 18 cm 30 cm Diameter: 28 cm

13 Harrow discs effect on soil 7,5 cm 19 cm 10 cm

14 Field after an inter-row cultivation with harrow discs

15 Methodology Ridging: - 1 to 4 inter-row cultivations with hilling discs - at 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 WALC (weeks after the last cultivation)

16 Inter-row cultivator with hilling discs Diameter: 33 cm Added weight: 5 x 37,5 kg RidgingSpeed20092010 1 er 3,02/7 (4 th trif.)22/6 (4 th trif.) 2 e 5,810/7 (5 th trif.)3/7 (6 th trif.) 3 e 5,820/7 (17 th trif.)7/7 (1 st side shoot) 4 e 5,823/7 (18 th trif.)15/7 (6 th side shoot)

17 1 st : 21,6 cm 2, 3, 4 th : 26,7 cm 1 st : 45 cm 2, 3, 4 th : 50 cm 12 cm 2010: discs staggered 2009: discs mounted face to face 22°

18 Ridge height at harvest time 1 ridging : 6,0 cm 2 ridgings : 8,3 cm 3 ridgings : 10,0 cm 4 ridgings : 10,5 cm

19 Treatments (randomized complete block with 4 replications) NoRidgingWALC (week after the last cultivation) 1. 0→ C onventional cultivation 2. 1 1 3. 1 2 4. 1 3 5. 1 4 6. 2 1 & 2 7. 2 1 & 3 8. 2 1 & 4 9. 2 2 & 3 10. 2 2 & 4 11. 2 3 & 4 12. 3 1, 2 & 3 13. 3 1, 2 & 4 14. 3 1, 3 & 4 15. 3 2, 3 & 4 16. 4 1, 2, 3 & 4 17. Weedy check 18. Hand weeded check

20 Results 2009: Ragweed biomass at harvest time

21 2010: Ragweed biomass at harvest time Results

22 Cultivation Density before (plants/m 2 ) % coty2L4L6L+6L Control 1 st Flex-tine H.5519000 87 2 nd Flex-tine H.38161372 76 Inter-row c. 63112497 65 with h. discs Ragweed control after conventional cultivation in 2010 (on crop row) (Without harrow disc = 30%)

23 Ridging Density before (plants/m 2 )% coty2L4L6L+6L Control Once at: 1 WALC10456051572 2 WALC51520252548 3 WALC0545607514 4 WALC0510252545 Several: 1 st @ 1 WALC252045101087 2 nd @ 2 WALC355105581 3 rd @ 3 WALC0050550 4 th @ 4 WALC40000525 Ragweed control after ridging in 2010 Results

24 2009: Soyabean yield at 14 % moisture Results

25 2010: Soyabean yield at 14 % moisture Results

26 2009: Seed pod number per plant Results

27 2010: Seed pod number per plant Results

28 Conclusion Ragweed control: Inter-row weeding with harrow discs decreased the number of ragweed seedlings on row crop If there is only one ridging, it is better to do it at 1 WALC It is not necessary to do more than 2 ridgings

29 Conclusion Soyabean: Soyabean yield and seed pod number were not affected by the ridging

30 Germain Moreau, technician Field workers from IRDA Summer students Financial support from MAPAQ (Programme Prime-vert, Volet 11)

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