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The Courageous Follower A New View of Leader-Follower Relationships LeaderFollowers Based on the Books The Courageous Follower and The Art of Followership Copyright 2009, Ira Chaleff. May be used with attribution
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Highlights of the Emerging Field of Followership Studies Leader-centric studies citing role of followers 1988 - HBR article “In Praise of Followers” by Robert Kelley 1992 – The Power of Followership – Kelley 1995 – The Courageous Follower – Chaleff 2003 – Dixon – Dissertation on Chaleff model 2005 – Lipman-Blumen – Allure of Toxic Leaders 2006 – Rethinking Followership Conference 2008 – The Art of Followership – Lipman-Blumen, Riggio, Chaleff 2008 – Followership – Barbara Kellerman 2008 – ILA Followership Learning Community 2009 – Weekly enquiries re: dissertations/ books/articles
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Why Followership Now? Groundwork laid by leadership scholarship Failures of leadership at all levels Inverted pyramid in knowledge orgs Widespread access to information Telecommunications enabling peer to peer orientation/collaboration Language/memes entering the culture Professional development generating followership standards
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Resistance to being “a follower” Cultural bias towards leaders Confusion between follower as personality type and follower as role
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5 Leader-Follower Organization Source: Gene Dixon
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Resistance to being “a follower” Cultural bias towards leaders Confusion between follower as personality type and follower as role Desire for egalitarianism
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7 Shifting Roles Leader Follower
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8 Shifting Roles Leader Follower
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9 Shifting Roles Leader Follower Distinctions still exist when roles shift with activity
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Resistance to being “a follower” Cultural bias towards leaders Confusion between follower as personality type and follower as role Desire for egalitarianism Lack of positive models of followership
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Common Purpose The Courageous Follower: A New Model of Leader-Follower Relationships LeaderFollowers Shared Values Leaders and Followers Serve a Common Purpose Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
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Five Dimensions of Courageous Followership Courage to: Assume Responsibility for common purpose Support leader and group energetically Take Moral Action when needed Participate in Transformation Constructively Challenge counterproductive policies & behaviors Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
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13 ImplementerPartner High Support Low Support Resource High Constructive Challenge Low Constructive Challenge Individualist Followership Styles Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
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14 Why do Leaders Need Partners? What dynamics of Leader development and behavior require Courageous Follower behavior?
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15 Visibility & Pressures Intensify as Leader Rises Regulation Rivals Interest Groups Family Press Budget Identity Groups Litigation Leaders Need Energetic Support
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16 Impact Magnifies as Leader Rises Leaders Need Constructive Feedback
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17 Candid Information & Feedback Negative Result 2. Improved Action Disconfirming Feedback 1. Poor Action = Learning
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18 Interrupted Candor & Feedback Leader Follower 2. Continued Poor Action = No Learning Inhibited Feedback Screened-out Feedback 1.Action Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
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19 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physical Survival Safety Social Needs - Belonging Achievement Self- Actualization Courage and Skill are needed to speak up
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20 Other Models of Followership Styles Art of Followership Chapter 1: Robert Kelley Independent Thinking & Action Engagement Exemplary Followers vs, Sheep, Yes-people, Alienated and Pragmatics Art of Followership Chapter 11: Rodger Adair How employees view themselves Disciples and Doers vs. Disengaged and Disgruntleds Followership: Barbara Kellerman Levels of engagement Isolate, Bystander, Participant, Activist, Diehard
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21 Need for a Research Agenda Role of followership in world events Followership in different cultures Early follower development Evolving role of followers Language of followership Courageous Conscience * Adapted from Kelley chapter – Art of Followership
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22 For more information Leader-Follower Partnership The Key To The Courageous Follower www.courageousfollower.com International Leadership Association’s Followership Community of Learning http://followership2.pbwiki.com/
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