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Published byAmber Stone Modified over 9 years ago
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Renewable Energy Sources: Biomass and Biogas
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What is BIOMASS? Organic matter produced by photosynthetic producers Total dry weight of all living organisms at each trophic level in a food web
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METHODS OF USING BIOMASS ENERGY Method #1 –Burning Biomass to create heat Method #2 –Gaseous Biofuels –Liquid Biofuels
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Method #1 - Burning Dung, Reeds, Wood, Trash Biomass must not be removed faster than can be replaced Developing countries Burning takes nutrients from fields Cow Pie Anyone?
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More Dung Dung Beetle
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METHOD #2 Convert solid biomass into gas and liquid biofuels Ethanol –distilled and fermented grains Methanol –prod. from sewage sludge, wood, agricultural wastes, garbage & coal
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Grain stocks (corn) can be fermented by bacteria (yeast) which can then be burned as fuel Cons: pesticides, fertilizers, CO2 emissions, land could be used for food! Ethanol = Ethyl Alcohol
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Traditional Ethanol vs New Algae Traditional: corn fermentation New: algae make ethanol. Same process use algae instead of corn to ferment by yeast. Algae can be farmed and harvested in smaller facilities. Algae: Sargassum, Glacilaria
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Biogas - Landfills Fieldtrip to a Conn. Methane Recovery Plant Uses local solid waste for biogas
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Old Landfill Mound “ Capped” landfill mound Methane bubble trapped beneath
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Gas Extraction Wells Wells are on top of mounds Collect methane/ other biogases Gas pressure constantly checked
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Gas Compressor Concentrates methane
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Turbine for Electricity Gas mixture burned Generates steam; turns turbine
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PROS - BIOMASS A renewable resource if managed CO 2 levels have no net increase Makes use of agric. or timber wastes. Much biomass supply
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Disadvantages of Biomass Use plantations to grow wood use pesticides, fertilizers which pollutes drinking water. Soil erosion sedimentation Little nutrients go back in soil. Loss of habitat for orgs.
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Air Pollutants Wood smoke contains PM and HCs –ex bronchitis, emphysema, cancer –820 estimated deaths per yr
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ETHANOL PROS High octane Emission reduction of carbon dioxide Reduction of CO Potentially renewable CONS Negative net energy Larger fuel tank need High cost Competition 4 land Smog formation Corrosive Hard to start in cold
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METHANOL PROS High octane Emission reduction of carbon dioxide Reduction of total air pollution 30%- 40% CONS Large fuel tank need Corrosive on metal, rubber & plastic Increased emissions of formaldehyde Hard to start in cold High cost Created by coal = high CO 2 emissions
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