1. Sources of Energy Notes 1) Energy is something that we, and all living things around us, use every day. The ultimate source of every energy form is the sun. There are many sources of energy. These include fossil fuels, wind, water, solar, geothermal energies, and biomass energy.

2. Ultimate source of ALL energy = (except Geothermal) The Sun!!! 6 sources = fossil fuels, wind, hydropower, solar, geothermal, and biomass.

3. 2) Fossil fuels are made from the remains of plants and animals exposed to heat and pressure over very long periods of time. Coal, oil, and natural gas removed from underground are the primary fossil fuels. Coal is used as a heating fuel. Oil is refined into gas, oil, and lubricants. Natural gas is used as a heating and cooking fuel. Solar energy from the ancient past is stored in fossil fuels. These fuels are rich in hydrogen and carbon. Fossil fuels take a very long time to form and once gone are basically impossible to replace.

5. 3) Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth’s surface. The wind’s energy can be gathered through the use of windmills. Although wind is free it is not constant. Windmills must be placed were there is a constant and strong wind flow. The energy from the wind turns turbines that create electricity.

6. Wind = uneven heating of Earth’s surface (hot + cold areas) Use = turn turbines for electricity Pluses = Minuses = *Wind is free *needs strong, *There is constant wind always Wind*windmills break *bothers wildlife

7. 4) Energy gathered from moving water is called hydropower. Water moving from a higher level to a lower level turns turbines that create electricity. Sources of hydropower include dams, waterfalls, wave movement, and tidal movement. Water is considered free but in order for it to work the power plant must be near a water source.

8. Hydropower= energy from moving water (rivers, waves, tides) Use= turn turbines to create electricity PlusesMinuses *Free*must be near a source of water *won’t run *dams hurt wildlife out

9. 5) Solar energy is radiation from the sun. The energy travels through space and strikes the Earth. Equipment is used to convert solar energy into electricity. It can be very expensive. Solar energy does not cause pollution and will not run out for billions of years.

10. Solar = radiation from sun Use= converts directly into electricity or passively heat things Pluses=Minuses= *free * panels expensive *no pollution *needs lots of land

11. 6 ) Geothermal energy comes from intense heat within the Earth, which also produces springs, geysers, and volcanoes. Steam is piped to the surface of the Earth and then turns a turbine in an electric power plant. It does not produce pollution but can cause damage to the environment.

12. Geothermal= steam from underground Use= steam turns turbines for electricity PlusesMinuses= *won’t run *can hurt out of land *Earth’s curst must be thin.

13. 7) Biomass energy is energy that comes from the burning or use of natural, organic materials. Examples of biomass material include garbage, trees, left over crops, animal waste, and paper products. Biomass materials are burned. The heat from the burning is used to boil water, create steam, and then turn a turbine which creates electricity.

14. Biomass= energy from living things (trees, crops, garbage) Use= burn, make steam, turn turbines Pluses= Minuses= *easily *technology availablenot good yet *expensive