3. PRESENTED BY:- VIVEK SINGH THAKUR VIVEK MISHRA HEMANT GUPTA TARANMEET SINGH KAKKAR VIVEK GUPTA

4. CONTENTS Basics Working & MPLS components MPLA operators Advantages Disadvantages MPLS does not provide Summary

5. IP:- -The first defined protocol & used protocol -Many disadvantages MPLS:- -Multi Protocol Label Switching -High speed, less complexity -It directs and carries data from one network node to the next with the help of labels. - MPLS is mainly used to forward IP datagrames and Ethernet traffic.IP Ethernet -Major applications of MPLS are telecommunications traffic engineering and MPLS VPNtelecommunications traffic engineeringMPLS VPN

6. Working & MPLS Components :- -MPLS works by prefixing packets with an MPLS header, containing one or more "labels". This is called a label stack.stack -Each label stack entry contains four fields -Multi Protocol Label Switching is arranged between Layer 2 and Layer 3

7. -A 20-bit label value. -A 3-bit Traffic Class field for QOS (quality of service) priority (experimental) and ECN (Explicitquality of service Congestion Notification). -A 1-bit bottom of stack flag. If this is set, it signifies that the current label is the last in the stack. -An 8-bit TTL (time to live) field.time to live LABEL EDGE ROUTER(LER) -responsible for assignment and removal of labels -Supports the multi protocol connected to dissimilar n/w (ATM, Ethernet)

8. LABEL SWITCHING ROUTER(LSR) -High speed router operates in core of MPLS LABEL SWITCHING PATH(LSP) -Path from source to destination FORWARD EQUIVALANCE CLASS(FEC) -Group of packets that share same requirement LABEL DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL(LDP) -Protocol for explicit the signalling

9. -Control the entire path of a packet without explicitly specifying the intermediate routers. -Creating tunnels through the intermediary routers that can span multiple segments

10. MPLS OPERATORS SERVICE PROVIDERS:- BSNL, Reliance Info communication, Bharti Telecom. HARDWARE SUPPLIERS:- Cisco, Nortel, Alcatel, Huawei....

11.  Improves packet-forwarding performance in the network  Supports QOS and COS for service differentiation  Supports network scalability  Integrates IP and ATM in the network  Builds interoperable networks

12.  An additional layer is added  The router has to understand MPLS

13. MPLS doesn’t provide:- Protection against a)Mis-configuration in the core b)Attacks within core c)Customer n/w security

14.  Simplify packet forwarding based on a fixed length label  Enable explicit routing in IP networks  Can be used for traffic management, QOS routing  Enable fast restoration from failures.