1. Implants and Additives Galen Erickson

3. Implanting Defects Partially missing implant Improper Location Crushed Implants

4. Implanting Defects Abscess Walled-off

5. Implants and Body Composition Implants increase protein deposition. Implants cause a upward shift in the growth curve. The shift in the growth curve influences body composition at a given weight.

6. Implants Change the Growth Curve 28.6% EBF Low Choice

7. Relationship of empty body fat to Quality Grade (total of 1,355 animals)

8. Weight @ 28% FatIncrease Non-implanted1145 Rev-IS 1175 a +30 Component-ES Ralgro/Rev-S1212 b +67 Revalor-S 1 x Syn-S/Rev-S1223 c +78 Rev-IS/Rev-IS Rev-IS/Rev-S1237 d +92 Rev-S/Rev-S Implant impact on BW 28% EBF - Steers Guiroy et al., 2002

9. Implant impacts Intervet and Texas Tech Implant database: http://idb.afs.ttu.edu/dbhome/default.htm http://idb.afs.ttu.edu/dbhome/default.htm nonerevalor-SDiff%change N10401040 DOF135135 ADG 3.183.79 0.6119.2 F:G 6.625.92 -0.7-10.6 HCW 727.6779.2 51.67.1 FW 11551237 827.1 % Choice 75.063.7 -11.3-15.1

10. Implant impacts Intervet and Texas Tech Implant database: http://idb.afs.ttu.edu/dbhome/default.htm http://idb.afs.ttu.edu/dbhome/default.htm nonesyn-S/rev-SDiff%change N379443 DOF162158 ADG 2.943.52.5819.7 F:G 6.405.61 -0.8-12.3 HCW 687.8759.1 71.310.4 FW 10921205 11310.4 % Choice 70.452.7 -17.7-25.1

11. Economics for implants noneimplantingassumption N100100 Sell weight-8000 lb80lb/hd more $70-$5,600 $80-$6,400 $90-$7,200

12. Economics for implants noneimplantingassumption N100100 Sell weight-8000 lb80lb/hd more $70-$5,600 $80-$6,400 $90-$7,200 %choice15 hd800 lb carcass $2/cwt spread240- $6/cwt spread720 - $15/cwt spread1800- $22/cwt spread2640- Implant & work800-

13. Economics for implants noneimplantingassumption N100100 Sell weight-8000 lb80lb/hd more $70-$5,600 $80-$6,400 $90-$7,200 %choice15 hd800 lb carcass $2/cwt spread240- $6/cwt spread720 - $15/cwt spread1800- $22/cwt spread2640- Implant & work800- $/made 1040-34405600-7200$40.80/hd today: $61.60

14. Implant Decision Making Gender Diet Energy Marketing goals Days from market!!! 0-120one implant 120-140weak initial or delayed 140-160intermediate and terminal 160+strong E, intermediate comb, Always build on implant strength

15. Feed Additives Ionophores- Rumensin, Bovatec, Cattlyst, Gainpro, Vmax Coccidiostats- Deccox, Amprolium, Rumensin, Bovatec Antibiotics- Tylan, CTC, OTC Hormone- MGA, heifermaxx Β-agonists- Optaflexx, Zilmax

16. Feed Additives Premix-Type A Supplements-Type B Final diets-Type C Compendium rules! FDA regulated, no off-label use allowed Law is 90% DM basis, g/ton and mg/hd

17. Rumensin Large Impact on Nutritional Management ↓ Performance ↑ Intake Variation ↑ Acidosis ↑ Digestive Deads ↓ Coccidiosis Protection Cooper slides, 2004

18. Fermentable Feed Propionate Acetate Lactate Acetate Propionate Rumensin Mode of Action Cooper slides, 2004

19. Fermentable Feed Propionate Acetate Lactate Acetate Propionate Rumensin Mode of Action Cooper slides, 2004

22. DM IntakeDaily GainFeed/Gain Deads Out Control19.43.206.08 Rumensin19.13.255.89 -1.5%*1.6%*3.1%* Deads In Control19.43.136.21 Rumensin19.13.215.97 -1.5%*2.6%3.9%* Source: Laudert, 1990 Four Trial Summary (2,904 Steers) Rumensin Performance Cooper slides, 2004

23. Original research showed 10% improvement in feed conversion Recent research shows 3-4% improvement Difference likely due to ration energy level Summary – Direct effect on performance is lower in today’s rations – Greater improvement with Deads-In Rumensin Performance Cooper slides, 2004

24. Dr. Baxter Black, 1980 Digestive deaths decreased by 2/3 rds after inclusion of Rumensin Rumensin Digestive Deads Cooper slides, 2004

25. Rumensin level, g/ton Reference#0203040 Laudert, 1990 2,9041.010.620.57 Laudert, 1994 1,0172.390.94 Vogel, 1996 1,1722.621.620.25 Rumensin Digestive Deads Cooper slides, 2004

26. Rumensin reduces acidosis and bloat Directly –↓ lactate production –↑ lactate utilization –↓ rumen fluid viscosity Indirectly –↓ day-to-day intake variation –Improved feeding behavior Rumensin Acidosis Cooper slides, 2004

27. Rumensin Intake Variation Within Pen * * * Source: Stock et al., 1995 Cooper slides, 2004

28. Rumensin Intake Variation Across Days * * * Source: Stock et al., 1995 Cooper slides, 2004

29. Rumensin Feeding Behavior and Acidosis ControlRumensin DM Intake28.427.9 Rate of intake36.633.6 # of meals8.89.3 Ave meal size3.73.3 Total time298321 Ave ruminal pH*5.595.74 Area below 5.6*21496 Source: Cooper, 1997 Cooper slides, 2004

30. Rumensin Coccidiosis Cocci Death Loss per 100,000 hd Source: Edwards, 1984 Cooper slides, 2004

31. Rumensin Coccidiosis Source: Watkins et al., 1986 Rumensin Level, g/ton 0102030 E. bovis49.929.115.911.2 E. zuernii18.57.02.32.2 Other oocysts19.39.28.74.7 Mortality16000 Cooper slides, 2004

32. Acidosis and Bloat Feed more roughage –Level –Type Limit extensively processed grains –High moisture corn –Steam-flaked corn Optimize byproduct level –Digestible fiber replacing starch –Corn oil increases energy content –Provides small amount of lactate Rumensin conclusions Cooper slides, 2004

35. Ionophore Economics Rumensin improves F:G by 4% 1% change in F:G improves $2.80/hd range $2.50 to $3.00 Therefore: $10.00 to $12.00 return from performance Cost: 2 cent/hd/d: approximately $3.00 RUMENSIN SAVE: range: $7.00 to $9.00 1996 Scientific Update, Elanco Animal Health; Laudert, 1990

36. Liver Abscesses Elanco Animal Health

37. Tylan Elanco Animal Health Technical Bulletin; Laudert and Vogel noneTylan%change Trials 4040 DOF134134 Pens4040 ADG 2.842.90 2.1 F:G 6.726.90 -2.6 Liver abscesses 27.97.5 Dressing % 61.6561.80

38. Tylan Economics noneTylan%change F:G 6.726.90 -2.6 1% change in F:G improves $2.80/hd range $2.50 to $3.00 Therefore: $6.50 to $7.80 return from performance Cost: 1 cent/hd/d: approximately $1.50 TYLAN SAVE: range: $5.00 to $6.30

39. MGA Interaction with heifer age (Mader and Lechtenberg, 2000; Anderson, 1991) 1% change in F:G improves $2.80/hd range $2.50 to $3.00 MGA generally: 4%+ improvement with yearling heifers Therefore: $10.00 to $12.00 return from F:G sell more weight 10 to 15 lb.

41. 0100200 Initial weight-----------1206---------- Final weight1292.41300.41307.2 ADG3.043.333.57 F:G6.746.125.67 HCW825.4830.7837.7 marbling504504501 % choice47.648.545.6 YG2.872.852.84 Recent commercial studies Current Elanco recommendation: 200 mg/hd for 28 d. Steers

42. 100200300 Increase in live wt101721 Increase in carcass wt61418 Calculated return, $/hd Price at $80/cwt live6.306.604.50 Price at $70/cwt live4.204.903.50 Steers only, fed 28 days and ~$7.00 for Optaflexx fed at 200 mg/hd Expected Response Current Elanco recommendation: 200 mg/hd for 28 d. Steers

43. Optaflexx issues Requirements 70-430 mg/hd/d 8.2 to 24.6 g/ton (90% DM basis) 9.1 to 27.3 g/ton DM At 24 lb DMI = 16.7 g/ton DM Fed final 28-42 days prior to market Recommendation 200 mg/hd/d for 28 days

44. Optaflexx issues Benefits Increased weight (profitable) Improved efficiency late in feeding period Little to no effect on carcass traits Approved for use with Rum/Tylan

45. My thoughts Weight N retention late REA Efficiency YG No effect (<200 mg) Marbling Tenderness IncreasesDecreases With trained panels, > 200 mg was not as positive on carcass quality Very positive on most traits, and is safe Concern with sorting and the 28-42 d window, may create challenges Fun to test over the next few years

47. Zilmax Zilpaterol hydrochloride 22.05 lb bag (10kg) 4.8% product –4.8% of the bag is active Zilpaterol –21.77 grams of active/lb (48 g/kg) –One bag contains 480 g of Zilmax Corn cob grit, Zilpaterol, surfactant and binder Manufactured in France Store at or below 77 degrees F

48. Permitted Claims and Limitations Carcass Measurements Zilmax Effects Dressing % Hot Carcass Wt. lbs. REA, sq.in. YG 12 th Rib Fat Thickness, in.NC Marbling Score NC c b Reduction indicates improvement c Zilmax shown to decrease marbling score @ 40 days b

49. Zilmax Inclusion Rate Cattle Fed in Confinement for Slaughter All feeding rates on label expressed on a 90% DM basis 6.8 g/ton on a 90% DM basis 7.6 g/ton on a 100% DM basis

50. Zilmax Feeding Directions Feed continuously to cattle fed in confinement for slaughter as the sole ration for the last 20 to 40 days at 7.6 g/ton (100% DM) to provide 60-90 mg/hd/d. Approved to be fed in combination with Rumensin, Tylan and MGA Approved for use in Type B supplements dry (meal or pelleted) and liquid

51. Zilmax Withdrawal Category II drug 3 day withdrawal

53. Beta-agonist issues Challenges Feeding large enough rations Mixing (50 to 90% of capacity) mix more than 1 feeding feed 1X per day Sorting and maintaining 28-42 d window Interaction with implants

54. Summary Implants:$6245-90 Rumensin:$87-9 Tylan:$5.655-6.30 MGA (heifers) :$75-8 Sick cattle: ? Lower energy:$10 TOTAL:$75.65

55. Technology Offers from Birth to Slaughter Added value - $132.37 Added costs –Implants $8.00 –Ionophore$3.80 –Parasite$6.00 –Optaflexx$7.00 Total$24.80 Profit$107.57 Would require $11.16 cwt more to go without technology Would increase retail cost for all meat $.35/lb Ivan Rush, PHREC; UNL

56. Breakeven Purchase price + feed cost + yardage + processing + interest + death (sick) Sale weight Factors to watch: lower finished weights increased feed cost (i.e., higher F:G) purchasing higher value calves sickness

57. CONTACTS: Galen Erickson 402 472-6402; geericks@unlnotes.unl.edugeericks@unlnotes.unl.edu http://beef.unl.eduhttp://beef.unl.edu Beef Reports at: Ag Institute Website: http://www.animalscience.unl.edu/beef/ http://ianrhome.unl.edu http://www.animalscience.unl.edu/beef/http://ianrhome.unl.edu