1. Cortical vs. subcortical loops

2. Lateral inhibition in striatum

3. Switching from one action to another

4. Direct and indirect pathways

5. Hyperdirect pathway

6. Lesions that cause hemiballism

7. Direct pathway

8. Indirect pathways

9. Loops through the basal ganglia Circuit nameBasal ganglia regions: Connected with:Functions to control: SkeletomotorPutamen; GPi, and SNpr VL/VA; motor cortex, prefrontal cortex Actions OculomotorBody of the caudate, SNpr Intralaminar nuclei, MD, VA; frontal and parietal eye fields; superior colliculus Gaze and orienting movements Dorsolateral prefrontal Head of the caudate, GPi and SNpr VA, VL and MD;Executive function, strategic planning OrbitofrontalCaudate, SNpr, ventral pallidum MD; orbitofrontal cortexMotivation, ability to play well with others Anterior cingulate aka limbic Ventral striatum, ventral pallidum MD; anterior cingulumEmotionality, motivated behavior