1. Case # 1 Clinical history 2-yr old male Boer goat 2wk history of pain/colic 1wk difficulties to rise A few days in a dog-sitting position Eat and drink well and have normal feces

2. Case # 1 Video

3. Case # 1 Clinical exam Dog-sitting and drag itself with forelegs Bright and alert Normal appetite, rumen contractions, body temperature and pulse Respiration normal to increased CBC normal

4. Case # 1 Neurological exam Cranial nervesNormal ForelimbsNormal CutaneousNormal Hind limbsProprioception absent Sciatic, patellar and withdrawal normal Cutaneous sensation present Pain responseInconsistent over T13-L1

5. Case # 1 Neurological exam Consistent with UMN lesions to hind limb Lesion localized between T3 to L3 Possible pain response indicated lesions at T13-L Differential diagnosis: Prolapsed disk Spinal fracture Spinal abscess Discospondylitis

6. Case # 1 Radiographs Normal – no evidence of trauma, infection… Clinical outcome Due to progressive course and poor prognosis animal was euthanized.

7. Case # 1 Necropsy Extradural soft tissue mass at T11 and L2-3 Multifocal invasion of vertebrae and bones Multifocal hepatic masses Histopathology Final diagnosis: Multicentric lymphosarcoma

8. Case # 2 Clinical history 3 months staggering with no improvement

9. Case # 2 Clinical exam PE – no abnormalities noted

10. Case # 2 Video

11. Case # 2 Neurological findings Cranial nervesNormal ForelimbsFL ataxia and proprioceptive deficits Hind limbsHL ataxia and proprioceptive deficits ReflexesNormal

12. Case # 2 Necropsy Received a young, female, pony for examination. The pony was in good nutritional condition with a normal hair coat, normal muscle masses, and abundant fat stores. The vertebral column and spinal cord were examined in some detail and no abnormalities were detected. Other than a few bots (Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae) in the stomach, there were also no abnormalities detected in the rest of the body.

13. Case # 2 Histopathology Slides marked 1 to 6 approximate cervical spinal cord segments 1 to 6, respectively - In each section, the gray matter is normal. In slide 1, there are several dilated myelin sheaths with no axons located in the dorsal aspect of the lateral funiculi, with similar or fewer dilated myelin sheaths present in the superficial aspects of the lateral funiculi and the ventral funiculi. Several of the dilated sheaths contain a cell or cells with small dark nuclei and foamy cytoplasm, interpreted to be macrophages. In sections on slides 2 through 6, these changes are more localized to the ventral funiculi and deep layers of the dorsal aspect of the lateral funiculi.

14. Compression at C6 Ascending Descending C6Caudal to C6Cranial to C6 Pattern of spinal cord degeneration White matter degeneration Gray matter degeneration E. Simko WCVM Microanatomy & Response to injury

15. Case # 3 Clinical signs 5% of feedlot cattle are affected by blindness, ataxia, recumbency and/or seizures. No evidence of fever ! You did necropsy on a representative animal

17. Case # 3 Necropsy findings: Cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum Cerebral herniation under the tentorium cerebelli Flattened cerebral gyri Multifocal polioencephalomalacia UV fluorescence of the cerebral cortex

18. Case # 3 Action: Brain and other vital organs for histology (formalin) Liver and kidney for toxicology (lead) Filtrating organs and brain lesion for microbiology

19. Case # 3 Results: Dx. Multifocal polioencephalomalacia Culture: negative Toxicology: lead - not detected Comment: The results are consistent with thiamine responsive polioencephalomalacia