1. Assessing the Impacts of Climate and Economic Changes on Indian Agriculture A Case Study of Groundnut Farmers in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh

2. Background

3. Double Exposure in Anantapur Trade liberalisation of oilseeds and edible oils in 1994-95 Drought since 1999-2000

4. Vulnerability to Globalisation ANANTAPUR

5. Vulnerability to Climate Change ANANTAPUR

6. Map of India Delhi Hyderabad Anantapur Bangalore

7. Map of Anantapur district Ipperu village Kadiri

8. Research Strategy

9. Asian Social Forum, Hyderabad Key informant interviews in Hyderabad and Anantapur Collected statistics from government offices Group interviews with farmers, 2 villages Kadiri Household interviews in Ipperu village, outside Anantapur Research Strategy

10. Asian Social Forum

11. Farmer Suicides

12. Agriculture in Anantapur Groundnut is the major crop Rainfed agriculture Small and medium farmers; landless labourers

13. Agriculture in Anantapur 1970s: shift from subsistence crops to groundnut 1980s: Operation yellow – drive for self sufficiency in edible oil 1994: Trade liberalization of oilseeds/edible oils

14. Pre- 1970s: Subsistence Farming Diversity of crops (bajra, jowar, ragi, etc) Grain stocks Livestock Common lands Family Labour

15. Irrigated Jowar and Groundnut

16. Changing Conditions from 1970s Investments in infrastructure Demand for oilseeds from new local oilmills Subsidised food through PDS Reduced family labour supply  Shift to lucrative monocrop groundnut

17. Effects Expanding area under groundnut  Deterioration and privatization of common lands  Less fodder  Fewer livestock  Pest problems

18. Vulnerability To climate variability To trade liberalization

19. Drought – dried up tank

20. Falling water tables Normal water level

21. Irrigation

22. Rain-fed agriculture

23. Household Surveys

25. Findings

26. Price statistics -groundnut Source: Season and crop reports 1989-2001, Andhra Pradesh

27. Price statistics - groundnut Source: Annual Administration Reports of Agricultural Marketing Committees in Anantapur District, 1995-2002

28. Price statistics - groundnut

29. Source: Fieldwork, household interviews Economic impact on farmers, Ipperu

30. Possible Options

31. Water Harvesting

32. Prioritise water harvesting with appropriate technology Divert water from other river basins to compensate for rainfall shortage More R&D for rainfed crops Support for marketing value-added commodities based on dryland crops (eg: mango, papaya, sweet lime) Make credit available to small and medium farmers at reasonable interest rates Stop and reverse the privatisation of common lands Suggestions from Researchers and NGOs working in Anantapur

34. Outcomes: Usefulness of Case Studies Means of validating vulnerability indicators Ground-check on ‘reality’ as it is depicted in macro profiles Identify areas for further study and improvements that can be made in subsequent case studies Network and interact with Indian researchers and organisations Possibility for further collaborations in India

35. Disseminate information about our project and CICERO’s work