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Chapter 5.1: Integumentary System
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Functions Cutaneous Membrane—Skin Made up of epidermis and dermis
Accessory Structures Hypodermis—subcutaneous layer
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Figure 5.1
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Functions cont… Protection Temperature Maintenance
Synthesis and storage of nutrients Makes Vitamin D Stores Lipids Sensory Reception Touch, Pressure, Pain Excretion and Secretion Excrete salts, water and wastes Secrete milk
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Epidermis Stratified squamous epithelium
Thick skin—palms and soles of feet 5 layers thick Thin skin—rest of body (4 layers thick) Strata—cell layers
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Figure 5.1
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Stratum germinativum Deepest layer Attached to basement membrane
Forms fingerprints Stem cells Divide and grow into new skin Melanocytes—receptors for touch Make melanin Brown, Yellow/brown or black pigment Gives us skin color
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Figure 5.2
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Figure 5.3
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Stratum spinosum Adds to thickness of epidermis
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Figure 5.2
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Stratum granulosum Produces keratin Protein
Durable and water resistant Forms hair, calluses and nails
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Figure 5.2
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Stratum lucidum Only on palms and soles
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Figure 5.2
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Stratum corneum 15-30 layers of dead cells Shed in large groups or sheets
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Figure 5.2
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Skin Color Pigmentation Carotene Orange/Yellow pigment
Found in orange veggies Gets converted to vitamin A Keeps epidermis healthy
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Skin color cont… Melanocytes—produce and store melanin
Increases in sunlight Freckles—small, pigmented spots Greater than average melanin production
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Figure 5.3
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UV Rays Good—stimulates synthesis of vitamin D3
Bad—mild to severe burns Melanin absorbs UV rays Protects our DNA Long-term exposure Alterations to connective tissue—wrinkles Chromosomal damage—Skin cancer Prevention—sunscreen with at least SPF 15
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Figure 5.4
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Different Skin Color Due to how much melanin is made Ex: Albinism
Have melanocytes Cannot produce melanin
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Dermal Circulation Blood is red Gives skin reddish tint
Blood vessels dialated—more red color Blood vessels constricted—pale Cyanosis—bluish tint Due to lack of oxygen in blood
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