1. Diseases

2. What is a Disease?
An illness that affects the proper functioning of the body or mind
Communicable Diseases: passed from person to person
Non-Communicable Diseases: not spread from person to person, but by how people live, environmental hazards, & heredity

3. What Causes Communicable Diseases?
Germs- organisms so small you can only see them under a microscope.
Germs invade the body, grow, reproduce, produce poisonous waste products, then cause infections.

4. Types of Germs The following cause communicable diseases:
Bacteria- tiny, one celled organisms that grow everywhere. (Some harmless, some harmful)
Viruses- smallest form of life, harmful
Fungi- simple life forms, can’t make their own food
Protozoa- simple, animal-like organisms

5. Bacteria
Most don’t cause disease- live all around and inside of you! (helpful)
Ex: live in your intestine to help digest food
Become harmful when they enter the wrong parts of the body (mouth to ear)
To grow- they need a food supply, warmth, and moisture
You can take medicine to kill the bacteria

6. Viruses Very specialized, only attack specific areas of your body
Viruses cause things like AIDS, measles, chicken pox, colds, the flu, mono, etc.
You can’t take medicine to CURE this, only to reduce the symptoms

7. Fungi Often live in the hair, nails, or on the skin
Examples: athletes foot & ringworm

8. Protozoa Many are harmless, but some cause diseases
Ex: malaria, caused by a protozoa that lives in certain mosquitoes

9. How Germs are Spread: Direct Contact Indirect Contact
Contact with an Animal
Through Food

10. Direct Contact
Ex: Pick up germs on your hands through things you touch, then they get into your eyes, nose, or mouth.
Can pick up germs through direct sexual contact (AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes)

11. Indirect Contact Germs travel in water droplets in the air
breathe in if someone coughs or sneezes around you.
Colds, the flu, measles, etc. travel this way

12. Contact with Animals
If you are bitten by an infected animal or insect.
Ex: rabies, tick bites, Lyme Disease

13. Other (Food) Germs can enter if you eat/drink them in your food.
Food that is improperly cooked or stored cause help bacteria multiply

14. Preventing Diseases! Wash hands Get enough rest Eat well Shower daily
Avoid harmful substances
Store food properly
Don’t share utensils/glasses
Stay abstinent to prevent STD’s
Make sure your vaccines are up to date

15. Preventing Diseases! Protect OTHER people also:
Stay home from school if you’re sick
Cover your mouth when you sneeze/cough
Go to the doctor quickly when sick
Follow the directions on medications

16. Common Communicable Diseases
The Common Cold:
Over 200 viruses cause colds
Symptoms include fever, runny nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, headache, itchy eyes
Can’t CURE a cold, just make yourself feel better
PREVENT colds: rest, liquids, WASH HANDS
First 24 hours are the most contagious

17. Common Communicable Diseases
Chicken Pox
Symptoms- rash, fever, headache, body ache
Contagious- 1 day before symptoms to 6 days after
Vaccine?? YES
Pneumonia
Symptoms- chills, high fever, chest pain, cough
Contagious- Varies
Vaccine- For some types

18. Common Communicable Diseases
Rubella
Symptoms- headache, swollen lymph nodes, cough, sore throat
Contagious- 7 days before rash to 5 after
Vaccine- YES
Measles
Symptoms- fever, runny nose, cough, rash

19. Common Communicable Diseases
Mumps
Symptoms- chills, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes
Contagious- 7 days before symptoms to 9 after
Vaccine- YES
Tuberculosis
Symptoms- fever, tired, weight loss, coughing blood
Contagious- Varies

20. Influenza
The “Flu”
Symptoms- tired, chills, headache, body ache, respiratory problems, and fever
Many different strains of it (Swine Flu)
Mutates frequently (flu shot every year)
Spread by coughing and sneezing
Treatment- no cure, rest/eat well to help symptoms

21. Hepatitis
Viral disease of the liver characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes
Hepatitis A- usually spread if someone ingests fecal matter (someone doesn’t wash their hands)
Hepatitis B- usually spread through blood, semen, or other body fluids (sexual contact or needles) no cure

22. Mononucleosis
Viral disease, swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck and throat
Swollen spleen or liver may develop, dangerous!!
Spread by sharing eating utensils, drinking glasses, toothbrushes, or kissing someone with the disease
Most common in teens and young adults