1. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Review AP Free Response Grading Review the chart together YOUR FREE RESPONSE PAPERS HAVE MORE DETAIL and EXAMPLES!!! You will receive your Free Responses back with examples of papers graded =8

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. In your Notebooks As we view different slides answer the question, Share and Pair ideas Aim : Why does development vary among countries? Make a list : Why are some countries wealthier and more advanced than other countries? MDC contrast LDC Think –Pair- Share

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.. How would you feel as a local worker in an expensive and exclusive resort, and you are economically disadvantaged, work in the resort, do you resent the tourist and welcome the money? Explain

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. In your notebook: Contrast of MDC’s and LDC’s Most Developed Counties Less Developed Countries

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Development The process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology How would we do this? More developed countries (MDCs) –AKA developed countries such as______ Lesser developed countries (LDCs) –AKA emerging or developing countries such as_____________

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. After reflection of our discussion yesterday, Re What you want from our class? 1)Test taking techniques/tutoring hours to be announced( We usually begin 3 rd week in April) Review Vocabulary, Models and Theory Application, Case Studies. AP Test review (Techniques for Multiple Choice and Free Response) 2)Chapter Reviews. 3)Notes/Lecture\/ Divide the chapters into sections for homework and class work **Take home exam Complete the first 60 We will review the answers and HOW we came to that answer on Monday ( Review Chapter 9 Development) Tuesday Bring your textbook into class Complete the remainder 35 ****in class open book exam. Wednesday 3/12 Application of the Pledge of Allegiance Lecture/ Seminar Review Nation/States/Political Boundaries 3/19 Your assignment Areas of Conflict and Persecution ***Application of your area. Free Response Question Practice: re: Nation/State and Nation- State/ Regional conflict areas ( total of 4-5 pages ) share your info with each other for the total paper/ your resolution is different Using your research paper : Continue Research Wed 3/5 After Lecture and Free Response Practice 3/6and/Thursday? Type your paper in class 3/20 Present your power point RE : Your area of Conflict IN PICUTRES/ with captions 3/20 The CLASS WILL HAVE A GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Bullet point info from each presentation YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT ANOTHER AREA OF CONFLICT

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Development Vary Between Countries? Uzbekistan Fatima’s Question is it MDC or LDC Economic indicators of development –The Human Development Index (HDI) Four factors used to assess a country’s level of development: –Economic = (1) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country –Social = (2) literacy and (3) amount of education –Demographic = (4) life expectancy –Highest 1.0 or 100 percent : Highest ranking countries are typically in Europe and Canada highest Norway.97 –Lowest Niger.034

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Human Development Index List two Social factors that would increase HDI? Figure 9-1

9. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? Economic indicators of development –Types of jobs Primary sector natural resources Most important in______ MDC or LDC? Fishing, forestry, agriculture Secondary sector manufacturing, automobile production construction Tertiary sector service, banking, entertainment, retail Service Sector Most of United States is within _________ Sector because –Productivity Measured by the value added ( gross value – costs) per capita =$5,00 in US = $7,000 In Japan MDCs are more productive than LDCs & MDCS produce more with less effort –Consumer goods

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. How do Motor Vehicles help MDC’s Expand, Economic and Social Growth Figure 9-4

11. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? Social indicators of development –Education and literacy The literacy rate –Health and welfare Diet (adequate calories) Access to health care

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. How does this map explain MDCS and LDCS Social Literacy and amount of Education Students Per Teacher, in Primary School Figure 9-6

13. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? Demographic indicators of development –Life expectancy Babies born today in MDCs have a life expectancy in the 70s; babies born in LDCs, in the 60s –Other demographic indicators: ** Review from Chapter 2 Population Infant mortality Natural increase population grows In a year CDR20-CBR-5 NIR Natural Increase Rate =15 Crude birth rate total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive A CBR of 20 means that for every 1,000 people in a country 20 babies are born Make a list of a two social factors how MDC’s Develop Explain Why is the life expectancy longer in MDC’s Why is the life expectancy less in LDC’s

14. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where are MDCs and LDCs Distributed? More developed regions –North America and Europe –Other MDCs with high HDI = Russia, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand Less developed regions –Latin America = highest HDI among LDCs –Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia = similar HDI –South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa = low levels of development

15. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why are these two areas considered LDC’s List 2 social factors 1 economic factor ( for either one) South AsiaSub – Sahara

16. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. More and Less Developed Regions Give two social and one economic reason :Why are people healthier in MDC’s? Figure 9-10

17. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Does Level of Development Vary by Gender? Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) –Compares the level of women’s development with that of both sexes –Four measures (similar to HDI): Per capita female incomes as a percentage of male per capita incomes **Average income of women is lower than that of every men in every country. List two reasons why Number of females enrolled in school compared to the number of males Percent of literate females to literate males Life expectancy of females to males Men can expect 10 years longer in MDC’s than LDC’s women 13 years longer in MDC’s

18. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Video Why is there a Gender Divide in the workplace? In your notebook Bullet point some reasons

19. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) Figure 9-17

20. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Demographic Indicator of Gender Difference: Life Expectancy Figure 9-21

21. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Does Level of Development Vary by Gender? Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) –Compares the decision-making capabilities of men and women in politics and economics –Uses economic and political indicators: Per capita female incomes as a percentage of male per capita incomes/Income is lower that that of men in every country of the world both MDC and LDC Percentage of technical and professional jobs held by women Percentage of administrative jobs held by women Percentage of women holding national office

22. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Average income of women is lower. Which social/economic aspects are affected by this divide? Answer in your notebooks

23. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. H band Change of Game Plan Monday Bring in your take home 60 multiple choice to be completed We will go over in class for understanding and test taking techniques Tuesday Lecture, Activity beginning Chapter 10 Wednesday 3/12 Application of The Pledge of Allegiance to AP Human Geo Thursday 3/13 :Lecture and video clips from Food Inc Monday 3/18 Review KEY IDEAS from Chapter 10 Application of Von Thunen’s model Tuesday 3/19 3 Free response questions :Application of your conflict area 3/20 Begin your power point Please time yourself 5-7 minutes per group I would like to have most of them done on 3/20** EVERYONE BE PREPARED TO PRESENT THAT DAY 3/21 Complete presentations lecture

24. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Practice Free Response Trend Identify the Trend ( 1 sentence) 1 point Make a T chart Identification of Effect As more girls are educated 1 point for correct identification of an effect Pop growth Economic development Gender roles Explanation of Effect 1 point for explanation of the effect Explain pop growth Explain economic in developing country Explain trend of gender roles

25. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Let’s Grade Our Free Response Trend 1 sentence Identification of Effect As more girls are educated 1 point for correct identification of an effect Pop growth Economic development Gender roles Explanation of Effect 1 point for explanation of the effect Explain pop growth Explain economic in developing country Explain trend of gender roles

26. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Part A There is an increase in girls attending secondary schools in developing countries Identification of effect Fertility rates decrease Pop growth decreases Crude Birth Rate drops Natural increase rate slows Developing countries may enter later stages of demographic transition TFR drops Infant mortality rates decrease Maternal mortality rate declines Explanation of Effect Opportunity cost of having children increases as women are educated Employment outside of the home increases More opportunities less focused on the home and greater desire for a career Women marry later in life, delay childbearing have fewer children More access to birth control, Demographic population transition changes ( pop pyramid) stage Women are better prepared to take care of their children Reduction in pregnancies associated deaths

27. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) Figure 9-22

28. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Economic Indicator of Empowerment: Professionals Figure 9-23

29. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do LDCs Face Obstacles to Development? Development through self-sufficiency –Characteristics: Pace of development = modest Distribution of development = even Barriers are established to protect local business –Three most common barriers = (1) tariffs, (2) quotas, and (3) restricting the number of importers Two major problems with this approach: –Inefficient businesses are protected –A large bureaucracy is developed

30. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do LDCs Face Obstacles to Development? Development through international trade –Rostow’s model of development –Examples of international trade approach The “four Asian dragons” Petroleum-rich Arabian Peninsula states –Three major problems: Uneven resource distribution Increased dependence on MDCs Market decline

31. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do LDCs Face Obstacles to Development? International trade approach triumphs –The path most commonly selected by the end of the twentieth century –Countries convert because evidence indicates that international trade is the more effective path toward development Example: India –World Trade Organization –Foreign direct investment

32. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Triumph of International Trade Approach Figure 9-27 Figure 9-28

33. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Foreign Direct Investment Figure 9-30

34. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do LDCs Face Obstacles to Development? Financing development –LDCs require money to fund development –Two sources of funds: Loans –The World Bank and the IMF –Structural adjustment programs Foreign direct investment from transnational corporations

35. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Debt as a Percentage of Income Figure 9-31

36. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do LDCs Face Obstacles to Development? Fair trade approach –Products are made and traded in a way that protects workers and small businesses in LDCs –Two sets of standards Fair trade producer standards Fair trade worker standards –Producers and workers usually earn more –Consumers usually pay higher prices

37. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Core and Periphery Model Figure 9-32

38. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The End. Up next: Agriculture