2. The Green Ferry: Low Emissions, Low Wake & Operational Efficiency Matt Mullett Chief Executive Officer ALL AMERICAN MARINE

3. Low Emissions The “Right” thing to do

4. Low Emissions The “Right” thing to do

5. Low Emissions Legislative mandates –EPA Tier III – Marine Engines 2013-14 –EPA Tier IV – Marine Engines 2017 Challenge –Available technology –Economic viability

6. Low Emissions Biodiesel –Pros More Biodegradable Less toxic Renewable Resource –Cons Availability and Cost Engine OEM’s reluctant to accept blends greater than B20 or B30 –Meet ASTM Manufacturing Specifications –Cleans out the system, clogs filters Overall Impact from Corn to Combustion = more emissions

7. Low Emissions Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

8. Low Emissions SCR Systems –Pros Removing harmful emissions: NOx & SOx By-products – water and ammonia –Cons Marinization of industrial and highway technology Build boat around system Weight Burn more fuel Better off building lighter, smaller engines, burning less fuel emitting fewer emissions

9. Low Emissions After-Treatment Filters Catalyzed Particulate Filter for Diesel Engines –Pros 99% of Carbon monoxide 99% of Hydrocarbons 85% Particulate Material Provides additional sound attenuation –Cons No provisions for NOx and SOx treatment Back pressure

10. Low Wake Vessel wake – An issue here to stay

11. Low Wake Rich Passage Wake Wash Study

12. CFD Modeling & Testing VIRTUAL TANK TEST Teknicraft Design, Ltd. University of Iowa’s IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering Research Center –Iowa’s Institute of Hydraulic Research (IIHR) CFDSHIP-IOWA INSEAN Naval Architects (Rome, Italy) –Potential Flow Code Refine design features for low wash and energy

13. Virtual Test Tank Wake Wash Elevations

14. Reliability of the Model

15. Refining the Revision

16. Vessel Optimization Study 3 Different hull shapes 3 Different hydrofoil profiles 9 New vessels

17. Vessel Optimization Study - 83’ LOA - Quad Jet Boat - 118 passengers - 37 knot cruise speed

18. Operational Efficiencies Economic necessity –Minimize hull resistance –Maximize fuel efficiency –Evaluate propulsion systems

19. Weight Watchers Put your boat on a diet Weight Inventory –Weigh on & off Check for Fouling

20. Operational Efficiencies Bottom Paint –Intersleek 900 Up to 9% fuel and emissions savings compared to biocide antifoulant coatings with self polishing copolymers Necessary Expense

21. Consumption Comparison 80’ Monohull (150 pax) –450 gallons/day 72’ Catamaran (150 pax) –400 gallons/day 83’ Teknicraft (150 pax) –330 gallons/day –same engine model

22. Effective at 17 knots Displaces 1/3 rd of the vessel’s weight Uses 1/3 rd less horsepower Burns 1/3 rd less fuel

23. WAVE PIERCER SYMMETRICAL BOW

24. ASSYMETRICAL TUNNEL

25. HYDROFOIL SYSTEM

26. VESSEL83' Teknicraft Catamaran90' Composite Monohull PASSENGERS150 ENGINE RPM1800 ENGINE POWER49.5%80% SPEED22 knots FUEL CONSUMPTION75.1 gallons/hour150 gallons/hour HOURS AT 22 KNOTS1600 hours/year FUEL COST$3/gallon ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION120,160 gallons240,000 gallons ANNUAL FUEL COST$360,480$720,000 ANNUAL FUEL SAVINGS$359,520$0 MONTHLY FUEL SAVINGS$29,960$0Cheaper

27. Flat Fuel Consumption

28. Design Characteristics Lightweight aluminum construction –5383 Marine Grade Alloy

29. Operational Efficiencies Fuel Management Systems –Fuel Flow Meters Most efficient operating rpm levels

30. Operational Efficiencies Fuel Treatment Systems –Enhance Combustion –Economize fuel potential

31. Operational Efficiencies Diesel Electric

32. Operational Efficiencies Diesel Electric –Pros Consistent Load, predictable fuel consumption –Cons Size and Weight Availability of Motors Speed Loss of efficiency during power conversion

33. Operational Efficiencies Hybrid Transmissions –Gear box with an electric motor input –Eliminate the propulsion prime mover Issues –Suitable electric motors –Power generation for motors Genset Batteries

34. Operational Efficiencies Solar –Expensive –Real Estate –Weight –Speed: 7 knots

35. Operational Efficiencies Wind –Not suitable for most ferry applications –Efficiency

36. The Green Ferry: Low Emissions, Low Wake & Operational Efficiency Existing & emerging technologies – Beware of “Smoke & mirrors” Economic realities – Do your homework

37. Thank You