2. Violence Prevention The Public Health Response Dr Syed Jaffar Hussain Regional Advisor Health Promotion/Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability World Health Organization, Regional Office for EMR

3. Inevitable or Preventable? Violence

4. First comprehensive review of the problem on a global scale Magnitude and impact Key risk factors Interventions and policy responses Recommendations World Report on Violence and Health

5. Violence CollectiveInterpersonal Self-directedSelf-directed Typology of Violence

6. 815,000 suicides 520,000 homicides 310,000 war deaths 815,000 suicides 520,000 homicides 310,000 war deaths In the year 2000: Source: WHO database, 2000 Numbers

7. Malaria Traffic injuries Violence Tuberculosis Global Estimated Deaths due to Selected Health Problems 2.94 1.66 1.65 1.25 1.08 01234 Millions of deaths per year VIOLENCE IN PERSPECTIVE HIV/AIDS

8. Source: World Report on Violence and Health, WHO Geneva 2002

9. Public Health Approach Surveillance What is the Problem? Identify risk and protective factors What are the causes? Implementation Scaling up effective policy and programmes Develop and evaluate interventions What works and for whom?

10. Why Public Health Approach? Population-based Emphasizes primary prevention Multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral in nature Scientific, evidence-based

11. Levels of prevention Individual Relationship CommunitySocietal

12. Individual-level prevention Individual Relationship CommunitySocietal Solutions Examples Pre-school enrichment Life skills training Incentives to complete schooling Vocational training

13. Relationship-level prevention Individual Relationship CommunitySocietal Solutions Examples Parenting programmes Home visitation Family therapy

14. Community-level prevention Individual Relationship CommunitySocietal Solutions Examples Reducing alcohol availability Economic and social empowerment Improve school settings Improve emergency medical services

15. Societal-level prevention Individual Relationship CommunitySocietal Solutions Examples Reduce media violence Strengthen police and judicial systems Reduce poverty and inequality Educational reform Reduce access to lethal means Job creation programmes

16. Preventing firearm-related deaths through regulatory reform, Australia 1 Regulations 1 2 Regulations 2 Primary Prevention Works

17. 10 best buys in violence prevention: 1.Increase safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between children and their parents 2.Reduce availability and misuse of alcohol 3.Reduce access to lethal means 4.Improve life skills and enhance opportunities for children and youth

18. 10 best buys in violence prevention: 5. Promote gender equality & empower women 6. Change cultural norms that support violence 7. Improve criminal justice systems 8. Improve social welfare systems 9. Reduce social distance between conflicting groups 10. Reduce economic inequality & concentrated poverty

19. Thank you !