1. War languages War and women in French and Spanish Painting Vesa Matteo Piludu University of Helsinki Department of Art Research

2. Claude Deruet, c. 1643 Madame de Saint-Baslemont de Neuville woman warrior who actively defended her manor during the Thirty Year War Athena (palm and laurel) topography angel (trumpet, stendards) putti (laurel, flowers, book-music-poetry)

3. Madame de Saint-Baslemont de Neuville Class, possession, role, clothes: the masculine power’s symbols occulted the signifiers of femininity

4. David, Napoleon at St. Bernard, 1800

5. Jean Jacques Francois Le Barbier, 1871 "Jeanne Hachette at the Siege of Beauvais in 1472" Class Weapons: rocks, burning brands Helpless male enemies

6. Jeanne Hachette Temporary warriors Husband’s cowardice Roucher’s epic Le Mois: ”Be men for them… if they are women for you” Women are more militant than the men Exemplum virtutis, model for men and women Moral vervor, patriotic emotion

7. VITAL-DUBRAY 1851 Beauvais (Oise, France) Statue de Jeanne Hachette

8. Goya, c. 1810. ”They are acting like wild beast” Absence of war propaganda Negative vision of the women warriors … and of war in general The women are forced by war to behave ”like wild beasts” They behave like something other than women: men or animals

9. Goya, Disasters of war

10. Eugene Delacroix: Liberty Leading People, 1830

11. Venus of Melos

12. Liberty Liberty is a bellicose leader not a peacemaker Is an allegory, not an historical figure Dramatic energy, convinction Leading a mixed group of males Ambiguity Semi-nudity of classical sculture and rought proletarian cloth of the working class Is idealized, but at the same time concrete and sensual Prototipal women-warrior in the history of art

13. Liberty and sensuality Domesticity is irrilevant for Delacroix: a dandy Liberty has the same sensual vividness of other paintings

14. Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1827)

15. Honore Daumier: the repubblic, 1848

16. Jacques-Louis David: The Oath of the Horatii 1784 Horatii and Curatii

17. Jacques-Louis David: The Sabine Women: Tatius, Hersilia, Romolus

18. Jacques-Louis David: Belisarius, 1781 and St. Roch and the Virgin, 1780