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War languages War and women in French and Spanish Painting Vesa Matteo Piludu University of Helsinki Department of Art Research
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Claude Deruet, c. 1643 Madame de Saint-Baslemont de Neuville woman warrior who actively defended her manor during the Thirty Year War Athena (palm and laurel) topography angel (trumpet, stendards) putti (laurel, flowers, book-music-poetry)
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Madame de Saint-Baslemont de Neuville Class, possession, role, clothes: the masculine power’s symbols occulted the signifiers of femininity
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David, Napoleon at St. Bernard, 1800
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Jean Jacques Francois Le Barbier, 1871 "Jeanne Hachette at the Siege of Beauvais in 1472" Class Weapons: rocks, burning brands Helpless male enemies
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Jeanne Hachette Temporary warriors Husband’s cowardice Roucher’s epic Le Mois: ”Be men for them… if they are women for you” Women are more militant than the men Exemplum virtutis, model for men and women Moral vervor, patriotic emotion
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VITAL-DUBRAY 1851 Beauvais (Oise, France) Statue de Jeanne Hachette
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Goya, c. 1810. ”They are acting like wild beast” Absence of war propaganda Negative vision of the women warriors … and of war in general The women are forced by war to behave ”like wild beasts” They behave like something other than women: men or animals
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Goya, Disasters of war
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Eugene Delacroix: Liberty Leading People, 1830
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Venus of Melos
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Liberty Liberty is a bellicose leader not a peacemaker Is an allegory, not an historical figure Dramatic energy, convinction Leading a mixed group of males Ambiguity Semi-nudity of classical sculture and rought proletarian cloth of the working class Is idealized, but at the same time concrete and sensual Prototipal women-warrior in the history of art
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Liberty and sensuality Domesticity is irrilevant for Delacroix: a dandy Liberty has the same sensual vividness of other paintings
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Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1827)
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Honore Daumier: the repubblic, 1848
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Jacques-Louis David: The Oath of the Horatii 1784 Horatii and Curatii
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Jacques-Louis David: The Sabine Women: Tatius, Hersilia, Romolus
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Jacques-Louis David: Belisarius, 1781 and St. Roch and the Virgin, 1780
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