1. 1 International CEO Forum IV Dr. Ravi Ratnayake Director Poverty and Development Division UNESCAP 17 December 2007, Bangkok REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: OPTIONS FOR FINANCING

2. 2 Structure of the Presentation Challenges Infrastructure investment needs Role of Infrastructure Regional cooperation for financing infrastructure

3. 3 Infrastructure & Infrastructure Infrastructure is key to: Economic Growth Production of goods & services Trade & investment Regional integration

4. 4 Infrastructure & MDGs Infrastructure Infrastructure promotes: Sharing the benefits of growth Income generation Education & Health

5. 5 Challenges Rural connectivity is an issue in some countriesTransport Access to safe drinking water & sanitation is low Water & Sanitation One billion people lack access to electricity Energy

6. 6 Challenges The Asian & Pacific region is the most disaster-prone region of the world Natural Disasters ICT Very visible digital divide

7. 7 Infrastructure Investment Requirements Aggregated Demand & Limited Coverage Annual Needs (US$ bill.) 300 100 200 500 400 0 228 B 600 Sectoral Projections & Broader Coverage >600 B

8. 8 Energy Telecom Transport W&S 201 B (33.0%) 21 B (3.4%) (Annual Needs in US$ billion) UNESCAP Estimates Energy ICT Transport Wat-San Disaster TOTAL 224 B (36.8%) 107 B (17.6%) 56 B (9.2%) > 600 B

9. 9 Financing Gap: Sectoral Distribution UNESCAP-based Estimate GAP: US$ 220 B / yr WATER US$ 66.0 B / yr (30%) ICT US$ 14.4 B / yr (7%) DISASTER MANAGEMENT US$ 27.1 B / yr (12%) ENERGY US$ 60.7 B / yr (28%) TRANSPORT US$ 52.0 B / yr (24%)

10. 10 Financing Gap & Regional Resources Forex US$ billions Surplus 200 B / yr > 3 T UNESCAP- based Gap 220 B / yr

11. 11 Regional Cooperation How to intermediate financial resources in the region to infrastructure investment ? The Study puts forward four options for regional cooperation in financing infrastructure development

12. 12 Institutional Arrangements 1. Asian Development Bank ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Give higher priority to infrastructure development Facilitate its access to capital markets Expand its mandate:

13. 13 Institutional Arrangements 2. Subregional Development Banks & Funds Operationalize, reinvigorate & consolidate existing proposals: North East Asian Development Bank South Asian Development Fund

14. 14 Institutional Arrangements 3. Asian Bond Fund Expand its mandate to increase geographical coverage financial scale

15. 15 Institutional Arrangements New financial institution modeled after the EIB 4. A New Institution Provide financing & guarantees Raise funds from capital markets Assist in the identification & evaluation of projects

16. 16 Benefits for SMEs Potential is high Major source of innovation and economic and social cohesion Globally account for 50% of GDP,30% exports 60-75% of private employment Growth of SMEs hampered by infrastructure deficit Regional development bank could take a lead in financing the infrastructure gap

17. 17 United Nations ESCAP Thank you