2. United Nations Troy High School World Studies

3. Background Atlantic Charter (1941) – Roosevelt & Churchill seek to establish a “system of general security”. San Francisco Conference (1945) – 50 Nations met and agreed on the UN Charter. Headquarters in New York City.

4. United Nations vs. League of Nations Stronger executive powers assumed by the Security Council Requirement that member states should make available armed forces to serve as peace-keepers or to repel an aggressor.

5. Purposes To keep peace throughout the world. To develop friendly relations between nations. Promote respect for human rights w/o distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion Encourage international cooperation to solve economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems.

6. Organization of the UN

7. General Assembly Consists of all UN member nations and each has one vote. Discuss international problems. Elect members to other branches. Approve budgets UN amendments must be passed with a 2/3 vote

8. Committee’s within the G.A. First Committee - Disarmament and International Security Second Committee - Economic and Financial Third Committee - Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Fourth Committee - Special Political and Decolonization Fifth Committee - Administrative and Budgetary Sixth Committee - Legal

9. Security Council 15 Total Members, 5 Permanent. 1.United States 2.Great Britain 3.France 4.Russia 5.China (Taiwan until 1971) The 10 nonpermanent serve 2 year terms.

10. Security Council Cont… Investigates disputes that endanger world peace. Recommends peace settlements. Can call the UN to take economic or military action.

11. Secretariat Headed by Secretary General (Ban Ki-moon) Administers peacekeeping Mediates international disputes Informs media about the work of the UN Organizes international conferences

12. International Court of Justice Settles legal disputes between countries.

13. Pending Cases 1.Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro) 2.Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia) 3.Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of Congo) 4.Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Uganda) 5.Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia and Montenegro) 6.Maritime Delimitation between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras) 7.Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia) 8.Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger) 9.Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application : 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda) 10.Certain Criminal Proceedings in France (Republic of the Congo v. France) 11.Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge(Malaysia/Singapore) 12.Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea (Romania v. Ukraine)

14. Economic and Social Council 54 Members, each have 3 year terms The Council serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues.

15. Major Actions Taken by the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Provides food and medicine to needy children. Also provides training for mothers! Declaration of Human Rights – All humans are born free and equal and are entitled to… –Civil Rights (Speech/Religion/Assembly) –Legal Rights (Fair Trial) –Economic Rights (Employment/Labor Unions) –Social Rights (Education/Culture)

16. Actions Cont… Genocide Convention – Nazis/Jewish War-Crimes Tribunals – Bosnia/Rwanda Law of Sea Convention – Borders extend 12 miles off the coast. Earth Summit – Protection of Environment/Global Warming

17. Accomplishments!!! Deploying more than 35 peace-keeping missions. There are presently 16 active peace- keeping forces in operation. Credited with negotiating 172 peaceful settlements that have ended regional conflicts Has helped minimize the threat of a nuclear war by inspecting nuclear reactors in 90 Improving education in developing countries ­ 60% of adults in developing countries can now read and write, and 80 percent of children in these countries attend school

18. More Accomplishments!!! Safeguarding and preserving historic cultural and architectural sites ­protected through the efforts of UNESCO, and international conventions have been adopted to preserve cultural property Limiting deforestation and promoting sustainable forestry development ­in 90 countries More than 30 million refugees fleeing war, famine or persecution have received aid from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees

19. THE END!!!