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Published byDomenic Cross Modified over 9 years ago
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Chapter Birds Birds are reptile-like animals that maintain a constant internal body temperature.
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Pictures of Birds
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Characteristics of Birds
Class Aves Feathers, wings and thin hollow bones which allow for flight Keel shaped sternum 4 chambered heart Respiratory systems consist of: lungs, anterior and posterior air sacs Endotherms (warm blooded) Able to regulate their internal body temperature
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Characteristics of Birds
Internal fertilization (sexual) Amniotic eggs w/ hard shell Incubate their eggs (keep at a consistent temperature) Adaptations of birds Feathered legs and feet of ptarmigans Modified wings and feet of penguins Large eyes, acute sense of hearing and sharp claws of owls Long beaks of hummingbirds
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What is a Bird? Class Aves
Feathers, modified scales that provide insulation & flight Wings, power provided by muscles attached to sternum (breastbone)
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Feathers are made mostly of protein and develop from pits in the birds' skin.
Feathers help birds fly and also keep them warm. The two main types of feathers are contour and down.
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Feathers Feathers
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What is a Bird? Other adaptations for flight include hollow bones, high metabolism maintained by 4 chambered heart & air sacs Endotherm, maintains a nearly constant body temperature that does not depend on environment
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Skeletal System of a Bird
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Bones are strengthened by struts.
Air spaces make bones lightweight.
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Form, Function, and Flight
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Body Temperature Control
Birds are endotherms (animals that can generate their own body heat) They have a high rate of metabolism compared to ectotherms (metabolism produces heat) A bird’s feathers insulate its body enough to conserve most of its metabolic energy
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Bird Feeding The more food a bird eats, the more heat energy its metabolism can generate For this reason, the phrase “eats like a bird” is quite misleading – birds are voracious eaters A bird’s beak, or bill, is adapted to the type of food they eat
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Bird Digestion
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Bird Respiration When a bird inhales, most air first enters large posterior air sacs in the body cavity and bones The inhaled air then flows through the lungs in a series of small tubes A complex system of air sacs and breathing tubes ensures that air flows into the air sacs and out through the lungs in a single direction This constant, one way flow of oxygen-rich air helps birds maintain their high metabolic rate and generates enough energy for flight
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Bird Circulation Circulation
4 chambered hearts and two separate circulatory loops
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Structure of Bird’s Heart
Domestic pigeon Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Heart Complete division
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Bird Excretion Excretion
Similar to those of reptiles – white, pasty uric acid droppings
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Bird Response Response Well developed sense organs
Well developed eyes that can see color Excellent hearing
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Reproduction in Birds Bird eggs are amniotic eggs
They have hard outer shells Most birds incubate their eggs until they hatch
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Diversity of Birds A bird’s lifestyle is determined by its type of beak and feet.
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Diversity of Birds
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Diversity of Birds
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