1. I Introduction (19. 3 2013) Introduction to Post- Communist Social Change, Spring 2013 Mikko Lagerspetz Åbo Akademi Sociology mlagersp@abo.fi

2. Teachers: Mikko Lagerspetz, Professor, Sociology, ÅA (course leader) Henri Vogt, Professor, International Politics, TY Sabina Hadzibulic, PhD Candidate, Belgrad University  19. 3 Tuesday, 15-17: Introduction (Mikko)  20. 3 Wednesday, 15-17: Democratisation (Henri)  26. 3 Tuesday, 15-17: Challenges of transformation (Henri)  27. 3 Wednesday, 15-17: NO LECTURE  2. 4 Tuesday, 15-17: Civil society etc (Mikko)  3. 4 Wednesday, 15-17: Identity and ethnicity (Mikko)  9. 4 Tuesday, 15-17: Global, EU etc (Henri)  10. 4 Wednesday, 15-17: Economic transformation (Sabina)  16. 4 Tuesday, 15-17: The Yugoslavian case (Sabina)  17. 4 Wednesday, 15-17: Conclusions (Mikko)

3. Why Post-Communism?  Science: idiographic – giving descriptions and analyses of unique events and phenomena – or nomothetic – finding out about general laws and regularities  a region of 400 million people  historical development  a laboratory of social and institutional change

4. ”Triple transformation” (Claus Offe)  change of economy from (in principle) planned to market economy;  change of political system;  change of society and culture; and also  the emergence of new states and a change in the previously existing states’ place in the international system

5. (Around) 29 countries

6. ”Transition?”

7. Models of welfare capitalism  Gøsta Esping-Andersen (1990):  Liberal  Corporatist-Statist  Social Democratic Later, he proposed another type:  Mediterranean

8. ”Transition?”

9. The appeal of authoritarianism  Is liberal democracy an inevitable outcome of economic modernization? (Francis Fukuyama 1990: The End of History and the Last Man)  among the South-East Asian economic ”tigers” such as Singapore there has occurred rapid economic growth and modernization without political liberalisation. Even this developmental path can have its appeal

10. ”Transition?”

11. A temporary condition?  “transition” creates the picture of a temporary state. Cf. “developing countries”, or the way in which the Real Socialist regimes legitimated their system: it was a transition towards Communism, in which all problems would be solved  normative and teleological

12. ”Transition?”

13. Around 29 countries

14. Regions

15. Post-Communism: shared characteristics  George (György) Schöpflin (1997: 4) two main traits that characterise post- communist societies:  1) Genesis environment – many possible paths of development were (and partly, still are) open  2) Liminality – parts of the old society and culture remain, live alongside with new structures, values, norms, ideas etc.

16. Explaining transformation  Poland 1980s; Gorbachev 1985-; Revolutions 1990-91; Dissolution of SU 1992  1) normative 2) remuneratory 3) coercive => 1) ideology, 2) economy; 3) military power

17. Thank you for your attenti on! (picture: Martti Innanen) ‏