1. European Renaissance

2. The Renaissance The rebirth of learning in Europe
Began in Italy around 1300 CE. Why?
Italy was the center of trade & economic growth (spread North)
Roman and Greek influences were abundant

3. Factors that helped start the Renaissance
Patronage: rich merchants, bankers had money to spend on artists
Towns: drew people with artistic talents together
Crusades helped increase knowledge of the world outside Europe.

4. Factors that helped start the Renaissance
Economic independence: people with money had time to read, learn, experiment, create
Moveable print: printing press created by Johann Gutenberg helped spread knowledge; most important invention of Renaissance
Image: Johann Gutenberg
Image: Gutenberg’s printing press

5. Factors that helped start the Renaissance
As a result, the attitude of common people towards life changed
Humanism developed
dignity and worth of all people
People concerned themselves with enjoying life, solving problem, questioning everything
Image: Pieter Paul Rubens, The Four Philosophers, The painter and his brother are shown with the humanist scholars, Justus Lipsius and Jan Woverius

6. Medieval Man vs Renaissance Man
Religious-minded (concerned with afterlife)
Men felt like a member of a group
People accepted authority (king & pope)
Concerned with life on Earth
Man as an individual was important
Man begins to question and investigate

7. Society
Art
Renaissance art is more life-like
use of perspective (depth)
use of light and shadows
more secular (non-religious) topics
Education: still mainly for the sons of the rich; new philosophy: respect for individual differences in students
Image: Mona Lisa by da Vinci

8. Renaissance or Medieval? Why?2 4 3 1

9. Renaissance or Medieval? Why? What influences do you see?

10. Society
Women: peasant & middle class women still lived harsh life with little or no education
Upper class women had private tutors; fathers arranged marriages for daughters; men received a dowry (land or cash) from family of the bride

11. Spread of Renaissance
The Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe by students who studied in Italy.
France
Spain
Netherlands
England

12. Spread of Renaissance
France: King Francis I brought the Renaissance to France:
brought artists to France (da Vinci)
Built the College of France
Built the palace of the Louvre
Image: Louvre
Image: King Francis I

13. Spread of Renaissance Spain:
Painters: El Greco: View of Toledo; Velazquez: Four Maidens
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote de La Mancha
Image: El Greco – View of Toledo
Image: Velazquez - Las Meninas (Maids of Honor)
Image: Miguel de Cervantes

14. Spread of Renaissance Netherlands:
Rembrandt: painted Man with Golden Helmet, Night Watch
Erasmus: wrote In Praise of Folly which criticized the Catholic Church for its greed, corruption, & superstitions
Image: Rembrant - “Man with Golden Helmet”
Image: Rembrant – “Night Watch” (vandalized several times)
Image: Erasmus

15. Spread of Renaissance England: supported by Queen Elizabeth
Thomas More: wrote Utopia which criticized society by creating a utopia, perfect society
Shakespeare: humanist playwright who dealt with love, tragedy, hate, desire; greatest writer of the English language of all time
Image: Thomas Moore
Image: William Shakespeare
Sir Thomas More: He became an ardent humanist through his friendship Erasmus. He was a successful lawyer in London; and served King Henry VIII. He disagreed with Henry’s split from the Church and was eventually beheaded on a charge of treason. His Utopia (published in Latin, 1516; tr. 1551) is a picture of an ideal state founded entirely on reason.

16. Scholars Petrarch: the “Father of Humanism”
wrote sonnets about love, nature, enjoyment of life
writing caused a change in the direction of education; teachers started to teach students to seek answers not just to memorize the classical works of the past
stressed history, grammar, philosophy
Image: Woodcut of Petrarch
To be able to say how much you love is to love but little.
Rarely do great beauty and great virtue dwell together

17. Scholars
Machiavelli: humanist writer who served as a diplomat for Florence; wanted to unify Italy
wrote The Prince: a lesson on how to gain & hold power without moral concern for justice or honesty
“Ends Justify the Means.”
Image: Detail of Machiavelli (painting)
Famous quotations by Nicolo Machiavelli:
- Before all else, be armed.
- Entrepreneurs are simply those who understand that there is little difference between obstacle and opportunity and are able to turn both to their advantage. - It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both. - One who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived. - No enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution. - Politics have no relation to morals. - The more sand has escaped from the hourglass of our life, the clearer we should see through it. - The wise man does at once what the fool does finally. - War is just when it is necessary; arms are permissible when there is no hope except in arms. - War should be the only study of a prince. He should consider peace only as a breathing-time, which gives him leisure to contrive, and furnishes as ability to execute, military plans.

18. Artists
Leonardo da Vinci: painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, inventor
Painted Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Inventor: parachute, aqualung, canons, pumps
Drawings of human anatomy still used today
Image: Mona Lisa
Image: The Last Supper
Image: da Vinci’s anatomy drawings

19. Artists
Michelangelo: painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel (Vatican); sculpted 9 foot statue David & La Pieta
Image: Detail from Sistine Chapel
Image: David
Image: La Pieta - This famous work of art depicts the dead body of Jesus in the arms of his mother Mary, after his crucifixion.